Physics and chemistry

1. PHYSICS
AND
CHEMISTRY
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

2. MATTER
Matteris anything that
takes up space.
What is matter? What is mass?
Massmeasures the
amount of matter in an
object.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

3. WHAT IS VOLUME?
Volumeistheamountofspacethatmattertakesup.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

4. PROPERTIES
All matter
has
properties.
They tell you
what an
object is like.
Taste, Smell,
Size, Colour,
Weight and Hardness
are all properties of matter.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

5. WHATISANATOM?
An atomis the smallest unit of matter.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

6. STATES OF MATTER
The 3 states of matter are:
solid,liquidand gas.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

7. SOLID STATE
•It has a
certain
shapeand
volumeon
its own.
•Atoms, (or
particles),
stay close
together.
•They move
back and
forth.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

8. LIQUID STATE
•It has a certain
volume but no
shapeof its
own.
•They take on
the shape of
their container.
•The atoms are
farther apart
than those in
solids.
•Liquids change
shapes because
the atoms move
around each
other.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

9. GAS STATE
•It does not
have a shape
or volumeof
its own.
•The atoms
are separated
by space and
move around
more than
atoms in
liquids and
solid.
•Gases
spread out
and can fill all
space in a
container.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

10. SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS AND GAS
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

11. MEASURING MATTER
We can describe matter
measuring its properties.
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

12. Length
It measures the distance between two points.
It can be measured with a meter stick.
Unitsfor measuring length are:
Metre
Kilometre( 1 Km = 1,000 m)
Centimetre(1 m = 100 cm)
Millimetre(1 m = 1,000 mm)
Meter Stick
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

13. It measures the amount of spacethat
matter takes up.
Volume can be measured:
With a meter stick. We need to know:
The length
The width the answer will be in cubic meters
The height
With a graduated cylinderto measure the
volume of liquids.
Units for measuring volume of
liquids are:
Litre
Millilitre(1 l = 1,000 ml)
Volume
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

14. It measures the weight of matter.
It can be measured with a balanceor scale.
Units for measuring mass are:
Kilogram
Gram (1Kg = 1,000 g)
Milligram (1 g = 1,000 mg)
Mass
Balance
Kitchen Scale
Body Scale
Digital Scale
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

15. CONVERSION TABLE
Km
Hm
Dam
m
dm
cm
mm
Kg
Hg
Dag
g
dg
cg
mg
Kl
Hl
Dal
l
dl
cl
ml
Unitsfor measuring length Unitsfor measuring weight
Unitsfor measuring volume
Capacity Weight Volume
1 litre 1 Kilo 1 dm
3
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
x 10
Equivalent Measures
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

16. ELEMENTS,
MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS
AND
MOLECULES OF COMPOUNDS
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

17. W
HAT
IS
AN
ELEMENT
?
Matter that
is made of
only one
kind of
atomis
called
element.
http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm
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5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

18. W
HAT
IS
A
MOLECULE
?
A molecule
is formed
when two
or more
atoms join
together
chemically.
Hydrogen (H
2)
Nitrogen (N
2)
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

19. W
HAT
IS
A
COMPOUND
?
A compound
is a molecule
that contains
at least two
different
elements.
All
compounds
are
molecules,
but not all
molecules are
compounds.
Carbon Dioxide (CO
2)
Molecules of
Water (HO
2)
Hydrogen Peroxide (H
2O
2)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO
2)
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

20. ELEMENTS, MOLECULES AND
COMPOUNDS
PICTURES
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

21. 5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

22. 5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

23. 5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

24. For example: Hydrogen, (H
2), Oxygen, (O
2), Nitrogen, (N
2), and Chlorine, (Cl
2), are no
compounds because each is composed of a single element. They are molecules.
Nitrogen Oxide, (NO), Water, (H
2O), Nitrogen Dioxide, (NO
2), and Carbon Dioxide, (CO
2),
are compoundsbecause each is made from more than one element.
A single molecule of Hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen, while a single
molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

25. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
CHANGES
5
th
Grade –Science–Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

26. 5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

27. PHYSICAL CHANGES
Changesin sizeand
shapeand the way
things look are called
physical changes.
Another
example of
physical
change is when
matter changes
from one state
to another
state:
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

28. CHANGES FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER STATE
Solidscan be changedto
liquids–heatmeltssolids and
changes them to solids. This
process is calledliquefaction.
Liquidscan be changed
into gases–when wateris
heatedto 100º C, it changes
from a liquid into water vapor
or gas. This process is
called evaporation.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

29. Gasescan be changedinto
liquids–coolingaircan
cause water vapor to change
from a gas to a liquid. This
process is called
condensation.
Liquidscan be changedto
solids–when liquid water
iscooledto a temperature
of 0º, it changes to a solid
called ice. This is called the
freezing pointof water, or
solidification.
CHANGES FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER STATE
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

30. WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
Mixtures
are two or
more
substances
that can be
mixed
together,
but can
also be
separated
again.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

31. WHAT IS A SOLUTION?
A solutionis a
homogeneous
mixture
composed of
two or more
substances, in
which one
substance is
dissolved in
another, so the
properties are
the same
throughout.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

32. 5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com

33. CHEMICAL CHANGES
When matter changes
into a different type of
matter, it is called a
chemical change.
A substancegoes through
a chemical change when it
is turned into one or more
new substances.
5
th
Grade –Science –Summaries https://yolujines.wikispaces.com