Physics class 12 record book solution for Gujarat board students

It's an physics record book solution with a perfect calculation an experiment 13 to 16...

1. ermine the angle of minimum de
sae y deviation For ten glass rian hyplotinga graph hetscen
neeand the angle of deviation,

ind materials req

jangulay glass prism .—

elo jupe | du wing pit
graph paper; protector , shite pypershecds—

sure

“LHe à while sheet of paper m u dicta —
board With the hep_af tel 0x doauuting pins.

"2 Dem q_chretrglt line xy + the middle amd parle) —
do the length op the pape. Mende pois 0, 02.0-=—
On xy and alzar normals Mit, 205,0

3 Draw straight lim PD, Pads fad, Cor
do the jncielint say raiding angles of ss, MA
sespertively with ‘the normals unite Me veus angles

we Place the prices om line Xp Dear the boundary of prism.

Axe alpins Pa ind 9, on ray lime PO. Ex alpins
Bi and à da the Images of pins Piano, as they
‘betome (hllmenv. _Rersave pint Rıeind S: y and Proms _

Now encre their pim pri Drow lines PIO

and Mise Prat arasdh cade to show He dixechion

6: Menue. the angle oh dedalion & and he angle —
Grice} Hır_polm =

“7. Repeat the steps far diftexent values of co ld

incidence (ne, w,se) ang reed ¿he obsecvaliónt —

main:

2. Observations
st count of the Protmetor =]

60! (de

Angle ofthe Prism. (A)

ion table
Measuring the Angle of Incidence

Obsery

(degree)

and Angle of Deviation ö for a Prism

ac
Ang of incidence, à degree) Angeal deviation 6 dere)
o 30 sor |
o 35° | AS”
o 20” | PRES
5 45° 22° ~
9 so 40
© Us 38”
o E rs
© ES he"
o |
(10) y u

Plotting the graph between j and 8 for the Prism

6 in degrees)

Graph between angle of inc

degrees) —»

idence and angle of Deviation

3. Pas gent on the lowest point ofa

Bra parallel to X-axis, a
jrttion Bon the Vexin ofthe ul ead the angle of minimum

ho. 402

Angle of minimum deviation, 5, = AO

(degree)
ar Assessment

1. Interpret the graph between ¿dnd 8.
totale depends on. 3 omly Asi tnevense
I an le ot Let de cromos nd eu
mimar alu Sia ond thon incxetisen.

will there be any

Ifthe experiments performed with angle of emergence taken as angle of incidenc

change inthe values? Ifyes, why? If not, why ?

There je Linaza id Angle of emorgan
0% angle of incide because af Aecordins ta
oquedon fm = 142 - Hane is mo dus

arcanos ne À is tak ad © 4 0 tal

> you think there isa munimum. try

3. What will happen if you go on decreasing the angle ofinciden

to findits expression theoretically. What happens when ¡ses than he minimum angle ofineence?

when wo reduce. the angle of-intident bey oth

Mbt angle of. ineiol once. then othingg Very change

goma Aagpen He. an raale, sh de jain will” inéirane nad
Ye angle of Bmergene" will Inerenst. According te —
A

he formula 6 = Lt

eof subject teacher / Lab teacher

5. Date

rea |

Aim:

To determine reftactive index oa gloss slab using a travelling microscope

Apparatos and materials required: de
A_havelling_microscoppe, A glass slab, tysopodiin
Lower f. dut amd 1p

Procedure:

1. Find the het: count of ierasenpe. <

2.Bud a mark om a sheet op pape
3.Place the paper on the horizma! platja of the mionsor

j thie microscope in such away dit lens ryt

vi bo mark. Foru dhe paexnscope a” the.
acid and reed the reading a, using MSR and VSR
UNemt phe the glass club over He mole om the sheetof pap
Mave mierusope On the paper end take the reading
a with Hsp and vse a

sea a bla hear posado chal srt oe He

€: Baice the ) stem o mA microscope amd tne

the mitzastape to see some of thet povelicles clearly
ud. rerod Yeading ag

7. e =

ida € observations :

6. Total

Value of one divi;

on on main scale MSD)
on Verne scale (VSD) —

Mark on paper through | Particle on top of the
the sab alas surface
MSE] VSR ]q =a] msm] VER fac |
M [oo oc | m [enc] mc) |
em | fem | em | em [oem | tem
sa loon |san [ee [oies |
54 loot] sare [oe [oonlécs |
54 Jos sars| 606 [oso [er |
Kateutation:
1 The refractive it thickness of the slab
Ma = 149
de
“gaz = 6613-4815 1.70% = 1.50 5
c.613-S41b ya
Nagas = car me, VAG „ug
de Sores Tas

7. Error:

Ihe measurement ol, is
sated uncertainty in he me

La 07.
0.0003 + 0-0008 = 9.00078

2) _0 00085

) 9.000%

Where Aa is L. C. of microscope

an. > 660073

From eg. (D) =

1490-09) 4000)
en)

Ben 04004 Ange, > 2-004

0.0041

Maximum value of An,

Result

The refractive index of glass of he slab

2, 200,7 94.0004 |

8. ‚gesment
a a colourless slab be visible i immersed
ein a transparent liquid of the same refractive

ideas that of the slab? State the reason frit

of High? will nat change.

epa 123 then the speed
ail Enders the abjert
Y

dimensions - the first one is hollow and completely filled with water,
crown glass and th third fit glass. each of hem has acoleured mark at

2. Youhave three slabs of sa
the second one is made
“the bottom, in which case will it appear to have risen the most
Birch, We have stem colour mark in the und

filled slab, Her ia Coon Jeıh end at d+
i La the din? slab _

id seen à

2 Given it hg? Mora? Meet

Signature of subject teacher / Lab teacher

9. (6) Refractive Index of Water using Concave Mirror

Apparatus and material required
Concave mirror, Water laboratory Slam with rigid
a +A pm te sale

hue and. clamp
a plumb lime. and.

oh pi

Procedure:
2 Obtaèn approzimate value ef faced demgth, o the
palmar Tai His faced lene tl “iret of Curvature.

2 Place the give sarro 0 the stend. as it
lleddiag suero be upwards. Fix a sharp edbed bright
in Pre clara
3 Adjust Hy sillon of Hu ia Hill the parallex between!
Hedio of the pin amd ik Inventel Bau 2 dy xemavedl,
n-Negiune il olı Ey He pin

&N mirror tk y i istance tuould be
He eal radial of eurvarhoce of the Yabrrar.
5 Br come Water an tie Curved Sufre oF Ha Mirror.
Immer the pin {tll again vemnve Hie paralles h N the
Hpot the pin and ih baverdeed bn

6 Mure the vertical olistamee bet “the Lip of he pin
Grad the tuer 1s_distemnee, ol) b Lhe apparres

value a

Pad experiment, more Alu Ihn

10. > ae roximate value of
Drains tt ei ec

¿e APprosionte value ofthe adios of curvature, q

FS cm
2.1 om

on able:
7 ration table

Observations for 2, R

Position of pin with respect to pole PT i
For amply coneave | Fora

For Water tial mirror]

mirror, distance PC, distance PC’, oor “
| R (em) Rm
TS 1D “az [0.003 _

® le neq 134
lo 1 12.1 ) 32

To.oıag

nf ne vie at ak = LC: Sue

ROR
nes» (aga 138 = 05°83
"= (a0: ) p34 © 0-086
0.011 _

11. ater wisest Airis |

33 0.0296

Self Assessment

des fre fo hisesprimentconsidring ata Conese Miro wi

1. Pindtherd
combiraion of nave Miranda Plmo-convex lens

gekup, cohen ray Ot 19%, Imeiden:
for ti ue peat Lia, ici
4 ui a Li

2 om witha ow dons do yom expec

nychangein the postionor brightness ape?

4 oe_graduially tntrecue tla outils ot soc
Hut Yolrror Sache colt Le hy ps, the

potibton et tm cecal genduolly

& brightness itil nd Le asbected

3. fcoloursare added to water keeping its tranparency would thisaler the valve ofrefactive index

endintenstyoftheimage?

ma vepachıe index _offectt wauelengthiif depen
Srequant leur and energy Uf ealours

te ency jth
rejulhng disjerence fn Hu Benin angle eau

¿Ue n. so, TeSrectve index Indeae 4 Image coll
al a ot ans Sra Inden dem dhddsuchthait at
fomsattin flmon he vete surface cant xperimentsil e performs? fo. would valueo? CCG,

reactveindexbe changed?

E
À factdene
et "yur Tha speecl PEA slewer In a

plu index medium, The ae vesrachve des will
à be Inte cued

i

12. fractive index of Wat
PR: Water using convex lens and a plane mirror

. 1 a
“ah tn). ble en nearby —

ehe sine... panel. in rn nr
Pa
3. Place the. plane rarer on the base ef sland —

Keeping 4% reflecting Sua upwelrels

2. Plane Fhe converse lens em the plane tubo:
Sun a shan edged tail pro bn the cl

à shit the clamped pra estas api
amd xemare Hie paxallese bei? Use check pin.
and Hs fmage. Heure the distant bel
the Lcd na ford optical cembre 0 hat in the _
+ of the dent

Beith the help cp a dropper, put a jui
drop op water umder the len

¿Have Ple object pa upwend und vta
the purallex h +” the tip of the aber pin

ith à >

yctem Mousse the clinkarce Fr
+7. Repeat the experiment end record your Observations —

13. Observ

Observation

ace between the two legs of th

- Qual

aearvatre of the Lens R= fem

(D Mean va
2) Mean value of Sagitia (bulge of the Lens) Ih

Mean value ofthe radius

No.

Focal length of Convex Lens, OF (=f) and
Water Plano-convex Lens (OF) =J"
S| Position of pin with respect to optical centre O

So water (OF = A] With water (OF = J’)

Distance of the pin from

pa A
Upper] Plane | p= [uprer] Plane | p= | a7 A 7 In
[surface | Mirror (surface | mirror
of the | of the dyrd,

la cm «m | rem In com] em [em

o

8-3|8-3| 86 12.2] 098 0-48] 27-66 |1-51

as ab [6-75 [15 (1551575 |91.66 Iren

0)

8. 6 12.6113. 2|12.3 [25 80 15

515 Sb

Calculation

¿E
no prem
me
$01 = eee) ee 24.06
61245
9.15 (1525) Ber

©. 15-1525

Fu, =

guy = ge CI) © _25. 80

14. jue oF the radius of curvature of the Lens R = I + !

po A Lo CF
NT) .
Seelam.
nut]
mere (1, \ )- PA
Mb, = = (dig) = = 1064
Nes = (m x AE
Mean
Sit h6g th 54 _ 1.56
re ng
Error
EA Where Af Af" = L. C. of Scale

r Y o

DS) = (294 He
4 ]
Lede = Ci A pal a 43

Oo =
tara) = o

19? ee
= ao) el. .
Hg E 78.0? te iy) = KE
sn A] A Where Al, Ah = L. C. of Scale

DRM ee >) + 2 200. D
9.01%

15. ich (Be sh +0

CE

The maximum value ofan,, = [6.2
Rost

Three index ofa given quid (say wate) wi respect 1 ii

158. 1.60

Self Assessment
1. Whatwitlhappenifyouar given a Convex Lens ofsmal focal eng?

a sasclema of mal) foral keel. Lo given fie og

Aves of a lent do have its qa the Hs ight
will a ce bolero PA
a werd) le =

2 Muri

sumptions youhvemade in perfoming this expeiment ?
Hance meajured Som ho Curtace and Lom)
He optical cowre Los 4 Le equal, ©, ye ho eto
we thin | ib filter add, Ing ca La, tos Combfaatfor
cf canker dp ne pal, Li Gan Pore

Et 9 AN plano. Bare m mirror. | es th
vita, eno. pese er eteen helen andthe miror?

Thy

obama tocol lon

Areca ng Son Pu = A) ae
med int #29 liquid oi focal hr !
Convera combiredion, caill be HU Tun te ad
zu lenin od Soma lems,

Signature of subject teacher/ Lab

16. - Date

LL EXPE EXPERIMENT 16]

im:

To draw the 7- chart
‘characteristic curvesof
Fa pn junetion in forward bias and reverse ias
Apparatus and materials required

A_P-n junction diode (on -79 01 uno). 209 she

Ga, Vow), Power supply 00-124) yolimeler (042)
williamelre (o-200mN) , plug hey Ling

ins ‚Sand paper and micrammveter (0-206 M)

Procedure:
He the rama quel ena! tou of
appava ta meet Hh pp ats ci 4

lo the cheewi? oliayyam E-L y
Current in mot Howing thrrgl the dreuit. Now
lose the bey. Give a smell Valtagı Hae circuit
2. Note the voltage reading and ammehre reading.
3 Graine heces He vole and note He
2° pondine cottraeter and raill'ametez
H-Onee the threshold volage in reachel, yary th

as shown in pig_E- EL. Per the sexe bias amd
eye Pon,
dexminel of the power supply ed replace ai a
With a wicomeder.

T- h e the applied Voltage and note

ie snes vta lotes =,

17. Circuit Diagram : (For Forward bias and Reverse bins)
a!
ae |

Lo

R

Observations; IA

(1), p-n junetion diode used (diode no.

2) For forward biasing
© Range ofthe Volmeter = OV 10 2. Y
(6) Least count of the Voltmeter scale =.2. 95 Y
Gi) Range of the Milliammeter=0 mA to …|. 7. ma.
(5) Least count of the Millimeter sale =. 2,25 ma
(3) Forreverse biasing
® Range ofthe Voltmeter = OV 10.15... y
Gi) Least count of the Voltmeter scale = 025. V
G Range ofthe Miroammeter = 0 pA to LO wa

(9) Least count of the Microammeter = 0:2 wa,

”

18. À

cin table [1]:
‘Variation of forward current with voltage across the diode (forward bias)
[sn Forward voltage ¥,() Forward current /, (mA)
o 0.10 N
o | 0-20 >
o 0-30 D

0-40 o
0.50 0-29

0.57 1.21 |

0-60 2-9 |
OS ETS

0-90 4.33

0.95 17-47

19. Observation table [2] verse bias)
tin of reverse current with voltage ross Ihe dlode (TH

5 no rene wage 4009 | Raven ure )
o \ | o
“| + —
o 3 0 |
& 4 o
al 5 aaa

| © 6 j o |
@ + = |
o & > |
e q = 1
12 lo 18 |
an 1 2% |
© 12 So
qu 13 70 y
En ly $6 |
as) a =
as) $ = E
an _

| ow - 7
0) T 1
(20) . |

20. hs
Pro

Patate
diode (Y) along the positive. a d a
Sesto oder te pg
axis. The graph as showin Fig represents a
‘nial mean

‘Locate the knee and detemmine eut vage

(® Now plot the reverse vole (1) along the
‘negative Kon and the comesponding eurent
a A) along he gave ni as shonin Fig

Determine the revere saturation cuen

Result:
(A) The value of eatin volage forte given diode is ST...
(8) The reverse saturation euren forthe given dicdeis=. À. HA

Self Assessment:

1. Howean youoperatediodeasaswitchoras rectifier?

The proces of cm Hog old ern, a
into Aine cimesoris cáltod ve rsbirdeon ar
to deuico used 4 mess is culled Rockitien

‘Whats thesifferensebetween a Diode anda Restor

* a device hat abloner cirrent to flaw

me Aireclion,uohuren reolelar b a hidirecin]

Lemont. Reststox folladt Alım's (gan, whore
diode doen't.
3. arr vale (yet tan eestor cometedin the icon in series

thd, tencommenten he slap fine reo of - characteristics.
Ma vestelor of high lue eched fn
vier asith diode ti lope ot Lineas
yesien ot TU chasacheriskter asill decrem
because move voltage will be Tact $e
[ON So

Signature ofsubjet teacher Lab eacher