Physiological changes during sports and exercise

physiological changes during spotrs

1. Physiological Changes During Sports and Exercise BY SOWMIYA G

2. Changes during Exercise INTRODUCTION In ancient world, every individual had hard work associated with his profession. Which is lacking in modern world and hence inculcating a definite time and regular exercise to be a part of our life style is a must

3. Definition Exercise Physiology is the description and explanation of functional changes brought about by single or repeated exercise sessions. Exercise is the repeated rhythmic movements given to body parts to keep it healthy and develop the body parts.

4. Stages of exercise According to physiology, there are 3 types of exercises : • Mild: minimum or no cardiovascular change. Ex : Walking • Moderate: No exertion but some cardiovascular changes can seen Ex : Jogging • Severe: Complete exertion Ex : Swimming

5. BENEFITS OF EXERCISE The body becomes light after exercise The body relaxes The capacity to do work increases The digestive power of the individual increases There is fat depletion the muscles become strong and compact The strength, power and endurance is increased

6. Physical appearance is improved Flexibility and mobility of the body increases The balance between elimination and nutrition is established The cardiovascular efficiency is improved The respiratory capacity of the individual is improved The body becomes fit and healthy Proper blood circulation for various parts is established

7. Physiological changes during exercise and sports Increase Cardiac output 5-6 liters of blood is pumped out of heart/min. • In moderate-20liters/min. • Severe exercise- 35 liters/min EFFECT ON THE HEART

8. EFFECTS ON THE LUNGS Increase the rate of respiration Removal of CO2 is increased

9. CHANGES IN THE BLOOD Mild hypoxia: which increases CO2concentration will lead to pH decrease. It stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to synthesize erythropoietin. So that there is a production of RBCs.

10. Changes in temperature There is increased heat production during exercise which increases the body temperature severe exercise can even cause dehydration

11. EFFECT ON MUSCLES In the muscles end product of metabolism is lactic acid which is further non-degradable is also a stimulant for vasodilatation

12. EFFECTS ON ELIMINATION Skin - Sweating is improved Kidney - Urine output is increased Lungs – Carbon dioxide and other unwanted gases removed GIT- Excretion of feces is increased due to proper assimilation and proper digestion

13. LACTIC ACID – AN ENERGY SOURCE? • Produced during anaerobic effort, or when O2 supply is limited. • Accumulates in the muscle and can affect its ability to perform. • Increased H+ ion concentration reduces enzyme activity and ATP production and contractile force of the muscle fiber.