Physiology of Pain & Pain science .pptx

Physiology of pain

1. PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN By E. LOGESH Asst Prof

2. Types of Pain Acute pain Sub acute pain Chronic pain Visceral pain Referred pain

3. Physiology of pain & gate control theory

4. Muscle Pain: Muscles have numerous pain sensors, so it can be a significant part of pain experience. Muscles may become unhealthy if they are underused or disused. Muscles are quite hard to get injured. They do get micro tears or DOMS. Muscles are good blood supply, so they are champion healers. Altered muscle activity is the part of the response to the injury and threat. Brain expresses itself to the world through the muscle activity. And also it is the brain that allows freedom and quality of the muscle expression.

5. Disc: Intervertebral Disc should be in fact called as “Living Adaptable Force Transducers” – LAFT IVDPs are one of the poorly treated conditions. Disc injuries are commonly attracting adjectives like ruptured, crumbling, degenerated, herniated, fragmented and slipped. The words alone are strong enough to stop you moving properly. Ageing changes of the disc are quite indistinguishable from the injury changes. Disc is not a delicate structure but a strong structure that tolerates immense force.

6. Skin: Adults have nearly 2 square meters of skin, which makes about 15 – 20% of body weight. It is the first system in contact with the external world. The skin would sometimes represent the problems in the irritated nerve like hair loss, altered sweating etc. Damaged skin will heal faster than a muscle or ligament as they are important protectors. Skin has high density sensors for various stimuli. Skin is very mobile, it like movements and hates to be scarred. Fascia lies underneath the skin and it overlies all the muscle. They also has dense sensors. Massage carries good impulses to the brain.

7. Bones and Joints: Bones are resilient, living, adaptable, strong structure that has supersensitive layer called periosteum, which acts as an extra protection system. Joint pain is often described as grinding, stabbing, gnawing and aching. But all are the constructs made by the brain based on various other inputs. X ray findings are not the real indicators of the pain. Joints adore movements and regular compression, which are essential for their health. Movement distributes the slippery synovial fluid, and cartilage loves the pumping compression. Even the smashed bone could heal well.

8. Peripheral Nerves: There are hundreds of meters of peripheral nerves in your body. Peripheral nerve problems are far more common than clinicians believe. Nerves are 50% ligament, which make them quite strong and 50% neurons. The ligament part of the nerve has the danger signals. Nerves can be injured by cutting, too much squeezing and pulling, by irritated chemicals around it or by sustained reduction in the blood supply. All around the body the nerve slide as one moves, and any restriction to this movement may lead to pain. Nerves may become thinner as one gets older or get thickened when it is undergoing friction. Dorsal root ganglion is essentially the minibrain in the PNS as it is the first place where the information may undergo some modulations. Neurons can backfire causing pain in the distal levels.

9. All pain is produced by brain. No brain, No pain.

10. Answer these questions to every patient whom you treat. What is happening in the body and what is wrong? How long will it take to get better? What are all the options for management? What can I do for it? What can you do for it? What do my physical findings, x ray, scan really mean?