Physirwtietisjtsitsdyrtikgiykgics 1.pptx

Physics is the fundamental branch of science that seeks to understand the natural laws governing matter, energy, space, and time, forming the foundation upon which all other sciences are built. It explores how the universe behaves, from the tiniest subatomic particles to the largest galaxies, revealing the underlying principles that shape everything around us. The word “physics” originates from the Greek term physis, meaning “nature,” emphasizing its role in describing and explaining natural phenomena. The development of physics has been one of humanity’s greatest intellectual achievements, providing not only deep insights into the workings of the cosmos but also driving technological and scientific progress across centuries. Classical physics emerged through the works of great thinkers like Aristotle, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and James Clerk Maxwell, who laid the groundwork for mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and optics. Newton’s laws of motion and universal gravitation unified celestial and terrestrial mechanics, explaining how objects move and interact under forces, while Maxwell’s equations combined electricity, magnetism, and light into a single elegant framework, forming the basis of electromagnetic theory. These foundational discoveries led to remarkable technological advancements, including electricity generation, motors, telecommunications, and optical instruments. However, by the late 19th century, classical physics began to face limitations when applied to extreme conditions, such as the behavior of atoms, high-speed particles, or intense gravitational fields, leading to revolutionary developments in modern physics through the introduction of quantum mechanics and relativity. Albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity redefined our understanding of space and time, revealing that they are intertwined into a four-dimensional continuum called spacetime, and that the laws of physics remain consistent for all observers regardless of their relative motion. His subsequent general theory of relativity extended these ideas to include gravity, not as a force, but as a curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy, accurately predicting phenomena such as the bending of light near massive objects and the expansion of the universe. Meanwhile, quantum mechanics, developed by Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger, revolutionized the microscopic world by describing the probabilistic nature of particles, wave-particle duality, and quantized energy levels, which classical physics could not explain. These two pillars of modern physics—quantum theory and relativity—form the bedrock of our current understanding of reality, though they remain fundamentally incompatible in certain domains, inspiring ongoing research into a unified “theory of everything.”

Physics branches into several specialized fields, each focusing on different aspects of matter and energy. Classical mechanics studies the motion of obje

1. Department of CSE (Cyber security ) Group Presentation by B.AADHITHYA ANDHARI YUVAKISHOR R.ANUPRIYA K.BHARATH G.S.BRITHYA S.DHARSHENI

2. Presentation By: K.BHARATH Department of CSE (Cyber Security)

3. FRICTION INTRODUCTION: An overview of the force that opposes motion between two surfaces.

4. What is Friction? Friction is a resistive force that occurs when two surfaces move or try to move against each other.

5. Friction Occurs In Microscopic irregularities on surfaces Intermolecular attraction between surfaces

6. Types of Friction Static Friction – Prevents motion. Sliding Friction – Acts during sliding motion. Rolling Friction – When objects roll. Fluid Friction – In liquids and gases.

7. Static Friction Example A book resting on a table does not move until sufficient force is applied.

8. Sliding Friction Example A block sliding across the floor experiences resistance due to surface contact.

9. Rolling Friction Example A ball rolling on the ground experiences less resistance than sliding friction.

10. Fluid Friction Example An airplane experiences air resistance (drag) while flying.

11. Factors Affecting Friction Nature of surfaces Roughness or smoothness Normal force Lubrication

12. Advantages of Friction Enables walking, writing, gripping Allows braking and control Generates heat (useful in some cases)

13. Disadvantages of Friction Causes wear and tear Produces heat losses Reduces mechanical efficiency

14. Reducing Friction Using lubricants Polishing surfaces Using rollers or ball bearings Streamlining objects

15. Increasing Friction Treading tires for grip Using rough surfaces Applying brakes effectively

16. Applications of Friction Vehicle brakes Belt and pulley systems Sports equipment Writing tools

17. Conclusion Friction is necessary in daily life but must be controlled wisely to improve efficiency and safety.

18. Thank you By, K.BHARATH & TEAM