phytodegradation mechanisms and its application.pptx

It contain basic knowledge about photo degradation.and it also contains mechanisms,and its application

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN Veerachipalayam - 637 303, Sankagiri , Salem Dt., Tamil Nadu India. Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem ; Recognised Under Section 2(f) & 12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956 ) DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY PHYTODEGRADATION Prepared by M. NIVEDITHA I – MSC MICROBIOLOG Y YVIVEKANANDA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU. Guidence by Dr.R.DINESHKUMAR , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MICROBIOLOGY , DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, VIVEKANANDA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU. SUBJECT – BIOREMEDIATION

2. Bio remediation Phytodegradation Definition Mechanism Application Advantages Disadvantages SYNOPSIS

3. INTRODUCTION • Phytoremediation ( phyto -plant, remedium – restoring balance) is the name given to a set of technologies that clean contaminated sites using plants.
Phytoremediation relies on plant’s ability to act as a solar- driven pumping and filtering system.
• Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Since heavy metals are non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the food chain.
• Some important disasters caused by heavy metals are; Minamata disater , Sandoz chemical spill, Spanish waste water spill and itai itai disease

4. PHYTODEGRADATION —The plants absorb hydrocarbons and other complex organic molecules, then metabolize or mineralize them in chemical reactions energized by sunlight. Phytodegradation involves the degradation of organic contaminants directly, through the release of enzymes from roots, or through metabolic activities within plant tissues Plants uptake pollutants from soil, water, or sediments by their roots and transfer them to the aboveground biomass where they accumulate, such as in shoots or other harvestable parts of the plant

5. Continuous The phytodegradation of organic compounds can take place inside the plant or within the rhizosphere of the plant. Many different compounds and classes of compounds can be removed from the environment by this method, including solvents in groundwater, petroleum and aromatic compounds in soils, and volatile compounds in the air. Although still a relatively new area of research, there are many laboratories studying the underlying science necessary for a wide range of applications for plant-based remediation of organic contaminants.

6. CONTINUOUS The word phytodegradation refers to the enzymatic breakdown of pollutants into more simple or less harmful compounds by plants, either in the rhizosphere before to their absorption or sometimes in the root after their uptake and subsequent synthesis.
It is a significant detoxification method that is also known as phytotransformation . if degradation occurs within the plant, it is essential that the plant be able to absorb the pollutants and translocate them to the site of transformation in their original state, without causing cell Death

7. Numerous toxins, including herbicides, insecticides, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, munitions, and inorganic contaminants, can be metabolised.
The plant enzymes utilised in this process are also recognised; dehalogenase, nitrilase , phosphatase, nitroreductase , and oxidoreductase. The plants absorb hydrocarbons and other complex organic molecules, then metabolize or mineralize them in chemical reactions energized by sunlight.

8. MECHANISM Phytodegradation involves the degradation of organic contaminants directly, through the release of enzymes from roots, or through metabolic activities within plant tissues.In phytodegradation organic contaminants are taken up by roots and metabolized in plant tissues to less toxic substances.

9. Phytoremediation refers to the technologies that use plants to clean up the soil, air, and water that have been contaminated by chemicals. Along with being a cost-effective method for environmental redressal , Phytoremediation has also proven to be a super solution in meeting any form of environmental challenges. APPLICATION

10. ADVANTAGE It is not dependent on rhizosphere-associated bacteria.
Plant enzymes play a role in decomposition.

11. DISADVANTAGE It is restricted to just degrading organic contaminants.
It is ineffective against deep pollution but effective against minor contamination.