PHYTOSOMES AND ELECTROSOMES of novel drug delivery system .pptx

Introduction and methods of preparation, evaluation parameters of phytosomes, advantages , disadvantages and applications of phytosome and electrosomes. some of marketed products of phytosomes.

1. PHYTOSOMES AND ELECTROSOMES PRESENTED BY N. THANUJA M PHARMACY (Department of Pharmaceutics) 23105B020005 NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2. CONTENTS PHYTOSOMES 1 ) 2 ) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 4) EVALUATION PARAMETERS OF PHYTOSOME 3) MARKETED PRODUCTS OF PHYTOSOMES ELECTROSOMES 6) 5) METHOD OF PREPARATION INTRODUCTION APPLICATIONS &

3. INTRODUCTION PHYTOSOMES : The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell like structure. This is advanced forms of herbal formulations, which contains the bioactive phytoconsituents of herb extract surrounds and bound by a lipid. Most of the bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are water-soluble compounds like flavonoids, glycosides. Because of water-soluble herbal extract and lipophilic outer layer phytosomes shows better absorption and as a result produce better bioavailability and actions. Phytosome is a novel drug delivery system is a patented technology (U.S. Patent) that combines hydrophilic bioactive phyto-constituents of herbs/herbal extracts and bound by phospholipids. As they are better absorbed and produces better results. Phytosome structures contain the active ingredients of the herb surrounded by the phospholipids.

4. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF PHYTOSOMES 04 Hydration of thin film Drying Solution of phospholipid in solution containing organic solvent + Herbal extract Isolation by precipitation with non solvent (such as aliphatic hydrocarbons) Drying (By lyophilization or spray drying) Formation of phytosome complex (suspension) Phospholipid dissolve in organic solvent Thin film formation

5. EVALUATION PARAMETERS OF PHYTOSOMES A) Visualisation - Morphology of phytosomes was observed by digital microscopy transmission microscope and scanning microscope. 1) Digital microscopy - Phytosome formulation shake in water and view under digital microscope at 400X objective lens. 2) TEM analysis - The complex was shaken in water and viewed using Transmission Electron Microscope. 3) SEM analysis - Approximately 5 μL of the phytosomal suspension was transformed to a canopy slip, which successively was mounted on a specimen tab. The samples were allowed to dry at temperature Then the particle size of the formulation was viewed and photographer using Scanning microscope (Sigma

6. scan, Carl Zeiss scan). The particles coated with platinum by using vacuum pressure and thus, the coated samples were viewed and photographed in JEOL JSM-6701F emission SEM. B) FTIR - Spectral data were taken to work out the structure and chemical stability of extract and phytosome. Spectral scanning was exhausted the range between 4000 and 5000cm. C) Particle size analysis - Diameter of particles and polydispersity index was noted down by BECKMAN COULTER. Phytosome formulations were diluted with solvent methanol then evaluated. D) DSC - The sample with, phospholipon and phytosome were placed within the aluminum crimp cell and heated at 100C/min from 0 to 4000*C within the atmosphere of nitrogen (TA Instruments, USA, Model DSC Q10 V24.4 Build 116). Peak transit time onset temperatures were recorded by means of an analyzer.

7. It assures proper delivery of drug to the respective tissues. There is no problem in drug entrapment while formulating phytosomes. Phytosomes are also superior to liposomes in skin care products. ADVANTAGES OF PHYTOSOMES It enhances the absorption of lipid insoluble polar phytoconstituents through oral as well as topical route showing better bioavailability, hence significantly greater therapeutic benefit. As the absorption of active constituent is improved, its dose requirement is also reduced.

8. DISADVANTAGES OF PHYTOSOMES When administered orally or topically they limit their bioavailability. Stability problem. Phytoconstituents is quickly eliminated from phytosome.

9. Enhancing Bioavailability Safe composition Approved for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications Low-risk profile High market attraction APPLICATIONS OF PHYTOSOMES

10. SI.NO. PHYTOSOME PRODUCT NAME DAILY DOSAGE APPLICATIONS 1 Leucoselect phytosome 50-100 mg Systemic antioxidant, Best choice for most people under age of fifty. 2 Greenselect ® phytosome 50-120 mg Systemic antioxidant, Best choice for protection against cancer. 3 Ginkgoselect ® phytosome 120 mg Best choice for most people over the age of 50. Helps in maintain good cognitive functions and improves memory. 4 Silybinphytosome 150 mg Best choice if the liver or skin needs additional antioxidant protection. 5 Panax ginseng phytosome 150 mg Helps in Cognitive Health, Immune Support. ®

11. MARKETED PHYTOSOMES

12. INTRODUCTION ELECTROSOMES : The electrosomes are a noval surface-display system based on the specific interaction between the cellulosomal scaffoldin protein and cascade of redox enzymes that allows multiple electron-release by fuel oxidation. The electrosomes are composed of two components : 1. A Hybrid Anode - Which consists of dockerin-containing enzymes attached specifically to cohesin sites in the scaffoldin to assemble an ethanol oxidation cascade. 2. A Hybrid Cathode - Which consists of dockerin-containing oxygen-reducing enzyme attached in multiple copies to the cohesin- bearing scaffoldin. These are the transmembrane protein generate and propagate the electrical signals that allow us to sense our surroundings, process, information, make decisions, and move.

13. Ion channel proteins act as gates that span the lipid bilayer that surrounds all electrochemical gradients. The ion flux through a chemical pore can be extremely high. They are high resolution in function and 3D structure to description of their molecules. Ion perform two basic function open and close to control the passage of ion across the cell membrane.

14. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF ELECTROSOMES BIOFUEL-CELL ASSEMBLY AND CHARACTRIZATION : Air was continuously purged to the fuel-cells. A potentiostatically controlled anode set to- 0.2V Ag/AgCL was used. In all experiments, the cells were left to stabilize overnight, following fuel cell assembly, before characterization was performed. The characterization of fuel cell performance was done by measuring the voltage of the cells under variable external loads. A background current cell was used as a negative control for all fuel cell experiments and did not contain any yeast. Graphite rods of 5mm diameter served as both anodes and cathodes. The counter electrode that served for the potentiostatically controlled electrode was of a larger surface area, as described for the CV and CA measurements.

15. FUEL CELL-BASED BIOSENSOR FOR ONLINE MONITORING

16. Cost of therapy is minimized by reducing the dose per unit formulation. Incorporates both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. I ntensifies the stability of medicament. ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROSOMES It perpetuates the endurance of active drug molecule in the systemic circulation. Elevate bioavailability especially in water disfavouring drugs.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTROSOMES The production cost of electrosomes are generally high. The constituent phospholipids present in lipid vesicular structures may undergo oxidation or hydrolysis.

18. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROSOMES They use enzymatic reactions to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy to electricity in a fuel cell. Its used as a carrier in drug targeting. Used in the treatment of cancer. Used in studying immune response. Ear targeting. Muscle targeting.

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