Piping & piping materials redefined

contains info of piping and piping materials

1. PIPING & PIPING MATAERIALS UNDER GUIDENCE OF PROF .S.P.MANKANI BY: KOTAMKAR SAMIKSHA PAWAR AKANSHA

2. PREFACE INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES PIPING MATERIAL Factors affecting selection of piping materials FLANGES BOLTS & GASKETS VALVES INSULATION

3. PIPING The term Piping means not only pipe but includes components like fittings, flanges, valves, bolts, gaskets, bellows etc.

4. What is Piping &Piping design? It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc. meant for conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that flows. It is a very important component for any industrial plant. And it’s engineering plays a major part in overall engineering of a Plant . It is a system used for moving fluids from one location to another. Piping design is required for doing transportation of fluid in an efficient manner.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES

6. As per Materials

7. As per method of Manufacturing

8. Seamless This process is used to make smaller sizes of seamless pipe, typically 1 to 6 inches (25 to 150 mm) diameter. The ingot of steel is heated to 2,370 °F (1,300 °C) and pierced .  A mandrel is inserted into the tube and the assembly is passed through a rolling (mandrel) mill. the mandrel mill reduces wall thickness continuously with a series of pairs of curved rollers set at 90° angles to each other. After reheating, the pipe is passed through a multi -stand stretch-reducing mill to reduce the diameter to the finished diameter. The pipe is then cut to length before heat treatment, final straightening, inspection, and hydrostatic testing.

9. ERW (Electric resistance wielding) Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe is manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was used from the 1920s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld. Over time, the welds of low frequency ERW pipe was found to be susceptible to selective seam corrosion, hook cracks, and inadequate bonding of the seams, so low frequency ERW is no longer used to manufacture pipe. The high frequency process is still being used to manufacture pipe for use in new pipeline construction.

10. EFW (Electric fusion wielding)  EFW-Electric Fusion Welded is of again two types :                         i.      Longitudinal  SAW Pipe                       ii.      Spiral SAW Pipe Working is same of ERW.

11. As per Application

12. Pressure pipe Pressure pipe are used where a large amount of pressure is there like water , sewage etc. Metallic pipe are usually of 3 types : Cast iron pipe Ductile iron pipe Steel pipe Refrence : https://www.puretechltd.com/types-of-pipe

13. Line pipe A Line Pipe is a high strength carbon steel pipe used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and water. It is a pipeline which carries only one type of fuel. These pipes are made as per metallurgical specifications developed by API (American Petroleum Institute). Line pipes are manufactured in a wide range of pipeline diameter size ranging from 2 inches to 48 inches.

14. Structural pipe Structural steel  is a category of  steel  used as a construction material for making structural steel shapes. A structural steel  shape  is a  profile , formed with a specific  cross section  and following certain standards for  chemical composition  and mechanical properties.

15. Materials Used for Piping. T he manufacturing of pipe uses many different materials including ceramics, fiberglass, concrete, plastics and metals. Concrete and ceramic Plastic Metals special piping materials such as glass or lined pipe

16. Selection of Piping Materials Materials selection for achievement of metallurgical stability shall be made on the basis of design condition and to resist possible exposures against fire, corrosion, operating condition, service etc. The following are the main points which every designer consider while selecting a material for piping

17. Resistance to stress Resistance to wear Design Life Resistance to corrosion Strength & pressure Ductility & formability stress Temperatur Fatigue etc..

18. In any plant various fluids flow through pipes from one end to other. We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 to the other two tanks. We will need to connect pipes to transfer the fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3

19. We have just brought the pipes, now we need to solve some more problems. Pipes are all straight pieces. We need some branch connections We need some bend connections Even some pipes are of different sizes! To solve these problems we need the pipe components, which are called PIPE FITTINGS

20. , There are various types of fittings for various purposes, some common types are - Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches, Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc. Anyway, the pipes and fittings are in place, but the ends are yet to be joined with the Tank nozzles. We now have to complete the end connections. These, in piping term, we call TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.

21. These are flanged joints This is a welded joint But if we want to control the flow from Tank-1 to other tanks. We need some arrangement to stop the flow if needed To control the flow in a pipe line we need to fit a special component. That is called - VALVE

22. FLANGES Flanges provide a bolted, separable joint in piping. The most of valves have flanged ends and must have a companion or matching flange attached. A gasket is then inserted between them, and the bolts are tightened to form a flanged joint. When to use Flanges? Where there is a clear need for removal of valves or equipment, for access of maintenance, or for blinding. Because all flanged connections are potential leak source, their use should be kept to the minimum needed for safe and reasonably convenient operation and maintenance.

23. Types of flanges

24. Weld Neck The welding neck flanges are attached by butt-welding to the pipes.

25. Socket weld The socket weld flanges are welded only on one side and are not recommended for severe services. These are used for small-bore lines only.

26. Slip on The slips on flanges are attached by welding inside as well as outside.

27. The lap joint flanges are used with the stub ends when piping is of a costly material. Lap Joint

28. MATERIAL: Flanges are made of carbon steel forging having a highly refined grain structure and generally excellent physical properties well in excess of recognized minimum requirements. In addition to this, flanges in 300 pound and higher pressure classes can be made of Chrome-Molybdenum Forged steel (ASTM A182 GRADE F5A).

29. BOLTS & GASKETS Choice of bolting material is governed by service fluid and its temperature. The most commonly used bolts for flanges in refinery piping are the ASTM A193 Gr.B7 Stud bolts which fall into the high strength group. The temperature range is from –29°C to 454°C. A gasket is a thin circular disc, made up of soft compressive material. The most of valves have flanged ends and must have a companion or matching flange attached. A gasket is then inserted between them, and the bolts are tightened to form a flanged joint.

30. There are many types of valves, categorized based on their construction and functionality, Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, etc. Other than valves another important line component of pipe line is a filter, which cleans out derbies from the flowing fluid. This is called a STRAINER

31. VALVES Valves stop or open and regulate flow. Some of the basic valve types are gate, globe, check, Ball, Plug, etc. GATE VALVE : It is usually manually operated and is designed for open or shut operation. Flow can enter either end of the gate body. GLOBE VALVE: is for throttling. Good examples of globe valves are the faucets on washbasin which throttle or adjust the flow to suit a person’s needs. Flow must enter the valve and flow up, against the seat, and change the direction again to the outlet. CHECK VALVE: “checks” flow. It lets flow go one way and will not let it reverse. When you have a check valve in a line, you have made a one-way street. The flow can go one way , it restricts the back flow of fluid.

32. Gate valve

33. Globe valve

34. Check valve

35. When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may also like know the parameters like, pressure, temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid.

36. Here are some of the pipe supporting arrangements. There can be numerous variants. All depend on piping designer’s preference and judgement.

37. INSULATION   Insulation of piping & fitting is required for the following purpose: Heat conservation. Process stabilization to assist process control. Steam tracing. Steam jacketing. Fire hazard protection to prevent fast boil- off of liquid.

38. Basic Requirement & Type of Insulation : HOT INSULATION High quality & good appearance. Low chloride content. Chemically inert. Impervious to hot water & steam. Non corrosive to steel & aluminum.

39. COLD INSULATION All materials used for insulation, fixing, sealing, etc. shall be used as under: Operating temp range Insulation material -195 to +85 deg.c PUF or Polystyrene -195 to +120 deg.c PUF -30 to +120 deg.c PUF or polystyrene Rest are same as for hot insulation.

40. Advantages Additional securty is ensured. Increase in efficiency. Life of equipment is increased . Working atmosphere is easily maintained at desired parameters. Quality work is achieved.

41. Limitations Piping materials ensure additional safety only upto certain limit. Cost is increased. Maintaenance is complicated. No. of parts become large. Skilled labour is required. Maintaenance in proper interval of time is essential.

42. THANK YOU