Places of articulation.

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1. Places of Articulation.

2. In all languages, speech sounds are of two categories. Vowels Consonants 2

3. 1. CONSONANTS

4. Consonants Speech sounds that are produced with some sort of obstruction of the air flow in the Vocal tract. Vocal Tract Passages above the larynx through which air passes in the production of speech including Buccal cavity Oral cavity Nasal cavity 4

5. Consonant Sounds 5 Consonant sounds are further categorized as Voiced and Voiceless. Voiced Consonant sounds produced when the vocal cords vibrate. T hey are 16 in numbers. Examples /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /m/, /n/ etc.

6. VOICELESS Consonant sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords. T hey’re are 8 in numbers. Examples /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/ etc. 6

7. Three parameters to classify consonant phonemes. 7 2 Their Place of Articulation. 3 Their Manner of Articulation. 1 Whether they are Voiced or Voiceless

8. Places of Articulation 8 “Where the Constriction of air flow takes place during the production of sound” Lips (4) i . Sounds produced by pressing both the lips together. Both upper and lower lips come together for sound production The sound produced are called the Bilabial sound. Examples / p/, /b/,/m/,/w/.

9. ii. Lips and Teeth (2) sounds that are produced by the involvement of both lips and teeth. Upper lip and lower teeth come together to do so. The sound produced is called Labiodental sound. Example / f/, / v/. 9

10. 10 Teeth (2) Sounds that are produced by placing the tongue behind the upper teeth. Tongue in between upper and lower teeth. The sound produced are called Dental Sounds. Examples / θ /, / ð /.

11. i . Alveolar Ridge (7) Sounds that are produced when tongue is at or near the ridge behind the upper front teeth which is alveolar ridge. The sounds produced are called Alveolar. Examples /t/ , /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/ etc. 11

12. ii. Alveolar ridge and Hard palate (4) Sounds that are produced between the alveolar ridge and hard palate. The sounds produced are called the Plato alveolar or postalveolar. Examples / ʃ /, / ʒ /, / dʒ /, / t ʃ / . 12

13. Hard Palate (1) Sound that is produced at the front hard palate or roof of the mouth which is the middle of the roof of the mouth. The sound produced is called as Palatal. Example / j / 13

14. Soft palate (3) Sounds that are produced in the upper back area of the mouth that is velum or soft palate. Such sounds are known as Velar . Examples / k /, / g /, / ŋ /. 14

15. Throat (1) A sound that originates in the throat or more specifically, the glottis or the space between vocal folds. Such sound produced is called as Glottal . Example /h/. 15

16. 16 Thank You !