Plagiarism

This slides will help you to Understand the concept of Plagiarism and gives information about types and consequences of Plagiarism.
Plagiarism Is unethical and illegal copying of someone else's work and Presenting that work as your own. In recent years it is been considered as a violation of copyright. It involves copying of someone else's work which may be written, artistic, creative ideas, computer Programs, research results, image, diagrams, tabular data or audio etc.
However there are some strategies which can be employed to avoid Plagiarism. One should know about these, so as to reduce the level of similarities in articles or any other form of written documents.

1. PLAGIARISM GUIDE: CO-GUIDE: Prof: Dr.M.P.WAGH Ms.S.B.SANDHAN Vice Principal Assistant Professor (PG Head and Academics Incharge ) (Dept. Pharmaceutics) Presented By: Sameer S.Deshmukh Roll No. 20 M.Pharm Ist Year Sem II DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS M.V.P. SAMAJ’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, NASHIK 1

2. CONTENTS: DEFINATION AND INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR PLAGIARISM TYPES OF PLAGIARISM TOOLS FOR DETECTION OF PLAGIARISM STRATEGIES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM UGC GUIDELINES PENALTIES REFERENCES 2

3. WHAT IS PLAGIARISM ? According to UGC regulations : "Plagiarism" means an act of academic dishonesty and a breach of ethics. It involves using someone else's work as one's own. It also includes data plagiarism and self plagiarism. “According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means: • “to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own • to use (another's production) without crediting the source • to commit literary theft • to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source” 3

4. REASONS FOR PLAGIARISM : Study pressure Disorganization Poor study habits English as a foreign language 4

5. TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: Direct Plagiarism: Direct plagiarism is when there is word-to-word transcription of a paragraph without the use of quotation marks or attribution. That means passing it completely or partially as his or her own work without attribution is direct plagiarism. Mosaic Plagiarism (Patch writing) : Mosaic Plagiarism is borrowing phrases from any source without using quotation marks, or trying to find synonyms for the author’s language keeping in view that the centric meaning of the text should not change. Self-Plagiarism : Self-plagiarism is when a student reuses his or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from each and every co-author involved. 5

6. Continue… Accidental Plagiarism: Accidental plagiarism occurs when you are busy doing literature work…and you just neglects to cite the sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words without attribution. Intentional or Unintentional: Intentional plagiarism occurs when the author deliberately, intentionally or knowingly copies entire text, paragraph or data and presents as its own. Unintentional occurs when the author either is not aware of such research, is unaware of the ethics in writing or does not know how to cite and thus presents similar articles. Ghost writing: In this type the main contributor is not given due acknowledgement or someone who has not contributed is given due credit. Collusional : In this type the author asks a professional agent or institution to write an article and then claims as its own. 6

7. TOOLS FOR DETECTION OF PLAGIARISM: 7

8. Turnitin : It is one of the tool which has best coverage of databases and fastest service till date. It is used by top universities and academic professionals worldwide. It is a web-based tool and subscription is mandatory. The report includes various highlighting colors for plagiarized content like: • Blue (no matching words) • Green (one matching word - 24% similarity) • Yellow (25-49% similarity) • Orange (50-74% similarity) • Red (75-100% similarity) Plagiarism Checker X: This tool is a PC-based application and it requires internet while generating the similarity report. It accepts paragraph, large and small, .txt, .doc, .docx, .pdf files while uploading. It has wider coverage in comparison with other freely available software. 8

9. Urkund : Once you get registered in Urkund , you will get an email with the activation link. You will also be given a Urkund email id which you can share with your students or you can use it for uploading the files to be checked. Now, after activation go to the login page, enter your username and password. The dashboard of your own Urkund account will appear. The dashboard will show all your previous work of plagiarism check. Go to upload Document. Select your analysis address ( Urkund email id). Then upload the file. Either drag the file to the document section. Or click to select multiple files. Then submit document. The submission confirmation will be sent to your email id. Depending on the length of the document, the system will take time to give you the report. Once the system finishes the plagiarism check it send the intimation in email with the link of report. The report can be seen in the dashboard. 9

10. Dupli Checker: Plag Scan: PROS CONS Free Of Charge 1 Search Per Day For Unregistered Users Ease Of Use 2 Ways To Check For Plagiarism 50 Plagiarism Scans Per Day For Registered Users PROS CONS Fully Online Relatively Complicated Interface 3 Ways To Do Plagiarism Checks Private Users Starts from $5.99 per month No Subscriptions For Private Users 10

11. STRATEGIES TO AVOID PLAGIARISM: Prevention strategy : Refer good quality, reliable resources in literature survey Keep record of each source Arrange/ Organize the literature for future use 2. Plagiarism avoiding/Correcting strategies: Avoiding Text Plagiarism : Direct Quotation Paraphrasing Summarizing Avoiding Image Plagiarism : Draw yourself the same with different colours Modify and include your ideas Never copy result figures 11

12. Plagiarism avoiding/Correcting strategies: DIRECT QUOTATION : Direct Quotation is a quote, is a word, sentence, or sentences that a writer copies exactly from a source. One can quote directly by providing a reference. Direct quote also involves verbatim copying (for copying official definition and unavoidable quotes). But it’s always better to paraphrase /summarize rather than directly quoting. Conditions where one has to use quotes only : • The original phrasing is unique and cannot be paraphrased without changing the meaning. • The writer has made a point so clearly or succinctly that it cannot be improved upon or expressed more concisely. • The original words create a particular effect or reveal something about the author. 12

13. PARAPHRASING: Paraphrasing means completely reworking the passage by reordering and reorganizing the information and rewriting it in your own words. Using synonyms: Synonyms are words or expressions which have similar meanings for example, help/assist; construct/build/make. Changing a few words does not mean that you have paraphrased; you are expected to change the sentence structures as well. 2. Changing word forms: Changing the form of words – e.g. from an adjective to a noun, or from a noun to a ver b e.g : “Accountants are expected to know tax laws.” There is an expectation that accountants are knowledgeable about tax laws. 13

14. Continue… 3. Changing the structure of sentences: An easy way to do this is to change active sentences to passive or vice versa. Look at the following two sentences: “Clients expect their accountants to be familiar with the laws regarding taxation”. (active) “Accountants are expected to know tax laws.” 4. Expanding and defining words: Some terms can be expanded and defined when paraphrasing. For example: “Accountants are expected to have some understanding of taxation laws.” There is an expectation that accountants have a general understanding of taxation laws. Clients expect accountants to know the general workings and effects of taxation laws. 14

15. SUMMARIZING: Summarizing means reducing the source text to its main points. This forces you to understand the meaning of what you have read and present the material using your own words. • Identify the main points presented. • Highlight or underline main points or cross out the minor details. • Make notes of the main points taking care not to copy word-for-word. • Using your notes, write the summary in your own words, starting with the main idea followed by other major points. • Reread your summary, Checking that your summary makes sense and that you have captured the important points. • Remember to include a reference. 15

16. UGC-GUIDELINES : Detection/Reporting/Handling of Plagiarism : 16

17. PENALTIES: Penalties in the cases of plagiarism shall be imposed on students pursuing studies at the level of UG, PG, Masters, M. Phil., Ph.D. and faculty & staff of the HEI only after academic misconduct. (a) Penalties for Students: Plagiarism Disciplinary Authority (PDA) of the HEI, based on recommendations of the Academic Misconduct Panel (AMP), shall impose penalty considering the severity of the Plagiarism. Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 4o% - Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and shall be asked to submit a revised script within a stipulated time period not exceeding 6 months. Level 2: Similarities above 40% to 6o% - Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and shall be asked to submit a revised script after a time period of one year but not exceeding eighteen months. Level 3 : Similarities above 6o% -Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and his/her registration for that course to be cancelled. 17

18. Continue… (b) Penalties for faculty, staff, researcher of HEI: Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 4o% - Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript submitted for publication and shall not be allowed to publish any work for a minimum period of one year. Level 2: Similarities above 4o% to 6o% - shall be asked to withdraw manuscript submitted for publication and shall not be allowed to publish any work for a minimum period of two years and shall be denied a right to one annual increment and shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any UG, PG, Master's, M'Phil ., Ph.D ' student/scholar for a period of two years. Level 3: Similarities above 60% - shall be asked to withdraw manuscript submitted for publication and shall not be allowed to publish any work for a minimum period of three years and shall be denied a right to two successive annual increments and shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any UG,PG, Master's, M.phil,Ph.D . student/scholar for a period of three years. 18

19. Important Notes : Note 1: Enhanced penalty on repeated plagiarism - shall be punished for the plagiarism of one level higher than the lower level committed by him/her. In case where plagiarism of highest level is committed then the punishment for the same shall be operative. In case level 3 offence is repeated then the concerned person shall be dismissed. Note 2: Penalty in case where the benefit or credit has already been obtained - If plagiarism is proved on a date later than the date of benefit or credit obtained as the case may be then his/her benefit or credit shall be put in abeyance for a period decided by the AMP and PDA on recommendation of the AMP. Note 3: If there is any complaint of plagiarism against the Head of an HEI, a suitable action, in line with these regulations, will be taken by the Competent Authority/Governing Board/Governing Council as the title may be. 19

20. REFERENCES: Yam Bahadur Roka, Plagiarism:Types,Causes and How to Avoid This Worldwide Problem, Nepal Journal of Neuroscience Volume;14(3):2–6. Available from: Academic Writing: Dr Mona Semalty , Plagiarism (Introduction) Module 7,H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174. Academic Writing: Dr Mona Semalty , Tools for detection of plagiarism Module 8, H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174 Academic Writing: Dr Mona Semalty , Avoiding Plagiarism Module 9, H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174. Academic skills unit, Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism, University Of Melbourne. Available from: University Grants Commission Draft (Promotion Of Academic Integrity and Prevention Of Plagiarism In Higher Education Institutions) Regulations –2017. 20

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