Plagiarism

Research integrity, Research misconduct, UGC guidelines, Plagiarism checking software

1. Plagiarism and Research
Integrity
Dr. Poonam Joshi, Ph.D. Nursing
FCRMEBM,FACEN-INDIA
Associate Professor, AIIMS, New Delhi
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2. Objectives
•Research Integrity
•Research Misconduct
•Plagiarism
–Types
•Stopping Plagiarism
–UGC Guidelines
–Individual level
•Plagiarism checking software
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3. Research Integrity
•Conducting a research
in a way which allows
others to have trust
and confidence in the
methods used as the
research findings
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4. Basic Principles of
Research Integrity
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5. Research Misconduct
•Failure to follow established
protocols or adherence to
established ethical principles
•Intentional, un-authorized use,
disclosure or removal of, or
damage to, research-related
property of another person
•Any plan or conspiracy or
attempt to do any of the
above.
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6. Why research misconduct
matters?
•It undermines public
interest in medical and
nursing research and
HCP
•Difficult to be
recognized?
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7. Types of research misconduct
Plagiarism
Fabrication
Falsification
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8. Definition
•The etymology of the
wordplagiarismis from the word
“plagiarius” meaning “kidnapper,
seducer, plunderer.”
•First time it was used in the
context of literature sometime
around 80 AD by the Roman poet
Martial. At that time, poets were
expected to be able to recite key
works by other authors.
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9. What is Plagiarism?
•Plagiarism is presenting
someone else’s work or
ideas as your own, with
or without their
consent, by
incorporating it into
your work without full
acknowledgement.
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10. Plagiarism
•Presenting
someone else’s
work as one’s
own, irrespective
of intention.
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11. Plagiarism
•Taking other peoples work
(ideas, results, writings,
images); presenting it as
one’s own,
•Whether that is one’s
intention or not.
•It is one’s responsibility to
imagine what the reader will
believe from what a person
has written
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12. Easy access to information
•The internet has sent shock-
waves through the world of
intellectual property;
•The development of search
engines (such as Google) and
open access storage facilities
(YouTube) has created among
users an expectation of universal
availability, even a sense of
entitlement to free access.
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13. Global picture of plagiarism
•International trainees charged with
plagiarism in the United States often
insisted that they followed practices
common in their home countries
•Complaints against senior academics
in Korea, China, India, Peru, and Iran
have renewed speculation about
widespread plagiarism in these and
other nations.
•Both national surveys and
international comparisons document
high rates ofperceived plagiarism
and other misconduct in emerging
research environments and
developing nations.
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14. How Common is Plagiarism in India?
•In 2016 Vice-chancellor of Pondicherry University
had to quit job after a prolonged stand off with the
HRD ministry, following allegations that the person
has plagiarized large parts of one of his/her books.
•SevenStanfordUniversityprofessorswrotetothen
PresidentAPJAbdulKalamaboutKumaonUniversity
Vice-Chancellor’s conducton theissue.
•UniversityofHyderabadVice-Chancellorwasaccused
ofplagiarizinghisthesis fromnot one, butthree
scientificpapers.
HindustanTimes
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15. Common forms of Plagiarism
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16. Paraphrasing
•Paraphrasing
meansformulating
someone else's ideas in
one’s own words.
Toparaphrasea source,
one has to rewrite a
passage without
changing themeaningof
the original text.
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17. Improper paraphrasing
•Many government have taken steps to
implement privatization programs, progress
has been slower that expected (Bayliss, 2003)
•Many government have taken steps to
implement privatization programs, progress
has been slower that expected
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18. Self Plagiarism
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19. Images and other media
• One must not take other people’s images (or
video clips) without explicit, written permission
from the author/publisher.
• In addition, the source must be cited.
• In most cases, using someone else’s image is
not only plagiarism, but it is illegal too.
• In almost all cases, one should create your
own diagrams.
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22. UGC Professional Code of Ethics
Regulations, 2018
–They shall apply to the students, faculty,
researchers and staff of all Higher Educational
Institutions (HEI) in the country.
–These regulations shall come into force from the
date of their notification in the Official Gazette.
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23. Objectives of UGC guidelines, 2018
–To create awareness about responsible conduct of
research, promotion of academic integrity and
prevention of misconduct
–To establish institutional mechanism through
education and training to facilitate deterrence
from plagiarism.
–To develop systems to detect plagiarism and to set
up mechanisms to prevent plagiarism
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24. UGC guidelines
•Cardinal principles of academic integrity in the curricula of
Undergraduate (UG)/Postgraduate (PG) degree etc.
•Include elements of responsible conduct of research and
publication ethics for Masters and Research Scholars.
•Responsible conduct of research and publication ethics in
Orientation and Refresher Courses
Responsibilities of HEI…
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25. UGC guidelines
•Train student, faculty, researcher and staff for using
plagiarism detection tools and reference management
tools.
•Establish facility equipped with modern technologies for
detection of plagiarism.
•Encourage student, faculty, researcher and staff to register
on international researcher's Registry systems.
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26. Curbing
Plagiarism
Self
declaration
Policy on
plagiarism
Certification
By guide
Creating
Institutional
Repository
on institute
website
UGC guidelines, 2018
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27. Levels of Plagiarism
Level 0
(up to 10%)
Level 1
(10-40%)
Level 2
(40-60%)
Level 3
(more than 60%)
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28. Handling of plagiarism
•Detection and reporting
–Departmental academic
Integrity panel
–Institutional academic
Integrity panel
•Penalties
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29. Penalties according to
Levels of Plagiarism
Level 0
(up to 10%)
Level 1
(10-40%)
Level 2
(40-60%)
Level 3
(more than 60%)
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30. How to stop plagiarism?
•Individual level
•Understand the context
•Quote
•Identify, what does and does not need to be
cited?
•Manage your citations
•Use plagiarism checkers
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31. How to stop plagiarism?
•Plagiarism is avoided by giving appropriate
citations.
•Citing adds value to one’s work
•Citing too much is better than citing too little:
if in doubt, give a citation.
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32. Paraphrasing
•When repeating an argument
given by someone else, one must
paraphrase the original text.
•To avoid plagiarism, the following
is required:
–A citation, since one is still taking
the idea of the argument from
someone else.
–A substantial re-writing of the
source, not merely reproducing it
with slight changes.
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33. How to paraphrase?
•Include key points and sub-points of original
source
•Write a paraphrase in your own words and use
your own sentence structure
•Always cite a paraphrase
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34. An example of paraphrasing
•Many governments have taken steps to
implement privatization programs, however
progress has been slower that expected (Bayliss,
2003)
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36. Software for Plagiarism check
July28,2018 |www.thehindu.com/news/national/turnitin-software-for-all-varsities-
to-check-plagiarism-in-research/article24536291.ece
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37. Other software for similarity check
•Grammarly.com
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38. Urkund.com
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39. InstitutionsInvolvedinPromoting
ResearchIntegrity
•SocietyforScientificValues(SSV),NewDelhi
(est.1986)–Website:www.scientificvalues.org
•Topromoteobjectivity,integrityandethicalvaluesin
pursuitofscientificresearch,educationand
management,and,
•Todiscouragetheunethicalactsinthesearea.
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40. InstitutionsInvolvedinPromoting
ResearchIntegrity
•InterAcademyPanelonEthicsinScience
–IndianNationalScienceAcademy(INSA),
–IndianAcademyofSciences(IASc),and
–NationalAcademyofSciencesIndia(NASI).
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41. Take home message…
•Plagiarism is a disciplinary offence
•One could lose all marks on the project —even
be expelled from College!
•The College uses advanced software for
detecting it (e.g., Turn-It-In)
•Don’t do plagiarism!
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42. Thankyouforyourkindattention.
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