PLANNING AND ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT.pdf
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About This Presentation
IT'S A PROJECT IN OUR BTECH FINAL SEM WE HAVE MADE IT ON A COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING STAAD PRO.
Size: 4.53 MB
Language: en
Added: Jul 16, 2022
Slides: 104 pages
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i
A Project Report on
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR,
ANANTHAPURAMU
by
BAHAR ANJUM SHAIK
(17711A0101)
DONEMPUDI HARINI BOPPURU ANGEL SUPRIYA
(17711A0106) (17711A0103)
DOVARI LEO DEVENCY PUNAPPU SUPRIYA
(17711A0108) (17711A0142)
Under the Guidance of
Mr. SYED MUSHTAQ AHAMED , M.Tech
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
JULY 2021
ii
Department of Civil Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING ” being submitted by BAHAR ANJUM
SHAIK (17711A0101), DONEMPUDI HARINI (17711A0106), BOPPURU ANGEL
SUPRIYA (17711A0103), DOVARI LEO DEVENCY (17711A0108), PUNAPPU
SUPRIYA (17711A0142) in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Civil Engineering Department to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu is a record of bonafied work carried out by them
under my guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.
Mr. SYED MUSHTAQ AHAMED, M.Tech Mr. SHAIK RASHID, M.Tech.,
Assistant Professor HOD
Project Guide Department of CIVIL
Date of Viva-Voce___________
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are extremely grateful to Dr.P. NARAYANA, Ph.D.Founder, Narayana
Educational Institutions, Andhra Pradesh for the kind blessings. We are extremely thankful
to Mr. R. Sambasiva Rao, B.Tech, Registrar Narayana Engineering College, Nellore.
We are much obliged to Dr. A.V.S Prasad, Ph.D. Director, Narayana Engineering
& Pharmacy Colleges, for the continuous encouragement and support. We owe
indebtedness to our Principal Dr.G. Srinivasulu Reddy, M.Tech., Ph.D., Narayana
Engineering College, Nellore for providing us the required facilities.
We express our deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Shaik Rashid,
M.Tech, Assistant Professor & HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Narayana
Engineering College, Nellore for providing the necessary facilities and encouragement
towards the project work.
We thank our project guide, Mr. Syed Mushtaq Ahamed, M.Tech, Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for his guidance, valuable suggestions and
support in the completion of the project.
We gratefully acknowledge and express our thanks to teaching and non-teaching
staff of CIVIL Department. We would like to express our love and affection to our parents
for their encouragement throughout this project.
Project Associates
Structural planning and design are an art and science of designing with economy,
elegance, serviceable and durable structure. The entire process of structural planning and
design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge
in structural engineering besides knowledge of practical aspects such as relevant design
codes and bye laws backed up by example experience.
The process of design commenced with planning of structure primarily to meet the
defined as it is not aware of various implications involved in the process of planning and
design. The functional requirements and aspects of aesthetics are locked normally by the
architect by the aspect of safety, serviceability, durability and economy of the structure
are attended by structural design.
Any construction project to begin with starts with the layout of the building or structure
followed by design of the structure which is succeeded by planning before the said
project.
This project work involves planning, analysis, designs and drawings of a typical multi
storied building. This project attempt has been made to design and analyze a G+5 storied
commercial building. This project involves planning, analysis, design and drawings. In
analysis various load cases and load combinations are included in this project. R.C.C
framed structure is used for multi storied commercial buildings. Structural design is to be
done using limit state method.
In this report, a G+5 structure is planned, analysed and designed using different methods
and software (AutoCAD, STAAD Pro V8i).
CONTENTS
Abstract iv
Contents v
List of Figures and Tables vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 1
1.2 Objectives of the project 1
1.3 Commercial building 1
1.4 Project brief 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 AutoCAD 4
2.2 STAAD Pro 4
2.3 Case studies 6
CHAPTER 3 METHODOL OGY
3.1 Study of IS 875 1987 8
3.2 Preparation of building layout using AutoCAD 8
3.3 Analysis and design using STAAD Pro 8
CHAPTER 4 LAYOUT OF G+5 BUILDING USING AUTOCAD
4.1 Details of the project 9
4.2 Site plan 10
4.3 Basement plan 11
4.4 Parking plan 12
4.5 Ground floor plan 13
4.6 First floor plan 14
4.7 Second floor plan 15
4.8 Third floor plan 16
4.9 Fourth floor plan 17
4.10 Fifth floor plan 18
4.11 Roof top plan 19
4.12 Column layout plan 20
vi
CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF G+5 BUILDING USING STAAD PRO
5.1 Load calculations 21
5.2 Generation of member and member property 24
5.3 Creation of supports 25
5.4 Materials 26
5.5 Loading 26
5.6 Analysis of the structure 35
CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF G+5 STRUCTURE USING STAAD PRO
6.1 General 36
CHAPTER 7 STAAD OUTPUT DATA 38
CHAPTER 8 RESULTS
8.1 Analysis and design results 51
8.2 Design results of beams 53
8.3 Design results of columns 65
8.4 Foundation design 75
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION 95
CHAPTER 10 REFERENCES 96
vii
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 5.1 Plan of the structure 22
Fig. 5.2 Elevation of the structure 23
Fig. 5.3 Generation of member and member property 24
Fig. 5.4 Support generation for the structure 25
Fig. 5.5 Dead load acting on the structure 27
Fig. 5.6 Live load on the structure 27
Fig. 5.7 Live load on the structure 28
Fig. 5.8 Load combinations of the structure 28
Fig. 5.9 Load combinations of the structure 29
Fig. 5.10 Axial force on the structure 29
Fig. 5.11 Shear of the structure 30
Fig. 5.12 Shear and torsion of the structure 31
Fig. 5.13 Bending moment of the structure 32
Fig. 5.14 Beam stresses and deflection of the structure 33
Fig. 5.15 3D view of the structure 34
Fig. 5.16 Analysis and design window 35
Fig. 6.1 Assigning of design parameters to the whole structure 37
Fig. 6.2 Input of design parameters into STAAD Pro 37
Fig. 8.1 Concrete design of beam 54
Fig. 8.2 Bending moment of beam 54
Fig. 8.3 Deflection of beam 55
Fig. 8.4 Shear bending of beam 55
Fig. 8.5 Concrete design of beam 57
Fig. 8.6 Bending moment of beam 57
Fig. 8.7 Deflection of beam 58
Fig. 8.8 Shear bending of beam 58
Fig. 8.9 Concrete design of beam 60
Fig. 8.10 Shear bending of beam 60
viii
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 8.11 Shear bending of beam 61
Fig. 8.12 Deflection of beam 61
Fig. 8.13 Concrete design of beam 63
Fig. 8.14 Bending moment of beam 63
Fig. 8.15 Shear bending of beam 64
Fig. 8.16 Deflection of beam 64
Fig. 8.17 Deflection of column 66
Fig. 8.18 Concrete design of column 66
Fig. 8.19 Deflection of column 68
Fig. 8.20 Concrete design of column 68
Fig. 8.21 Deflection of column 70
Fig. 8.22 Concrete design of column 70
Fig. 8.23 Deflection of column 72
Fig. 8.24 Concrete design of column 72
Fig. 8.25 Deflection of column 74
Fig. 8.26 Concrete design of column 74
Fig. 8.27 Elevation of footing F1 from AutoCAD 75
Fig. 8.28 Plan of footing F1 from AutoCAD 75
Fig. 8.29 Total columns 76
Fig. 8.30 Footing layout plan 78
Fig. 8.31 Footing elevation of F1 80
Fig. 8.32 Footing F1 from STAAD Pro 84
Table 5.1 Structural details 23
Table 8.1 Total number of footings 77
Table 8.2 Details of footing 79
Table 8.3 Total number of beams 81
Table 8.4 Total number of columns 81
Table 8.5 Footing dimensions 82
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Any construction project to begin with starts with the Layout of the building or structure
followed by Design and Analysis of the structure. This project involves the layout,
design and analysis, of a G+5 commercial building located in Vedayapalem, Nellore.
For completing the project very popular Civil Engineering software’s such as
AutoCAD, STAAD Pro V8i, have been used.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objectives of the project are mentioned below:
➢ Draft the Layout of the proposed building using AutoCAD.
➢ Design and analyse the building using STAAD Pro V8i.
1.3 COMMERCIAL BUILDING
A commercial building is a building that is used for commercial use. Types can include
office buildings, warehouses, or retail. In urban locations, a commercial building often
combines functions, such as an office on levels 2-10, with retail on floor 1.
Commercial property serves a vast array of purposes supporting public and private
sector business and services, such as government, service industries, education,
healthcare, manufacturing, telecommunications and other civil infrastructure. The
exception is real estate related to agricultural or residential use.
1.4 PROJECT BRIEF
This commercial building having mixed stories with shopping complex and office
space, Shopping is a routine activity of each and every one. But they due to shortage of
time, they need a shopping complex and office space under one roof to save the valuable
time. In metropolitan cities, very limited areas are available and sold at high cost. This
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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project will help to build buildings within this limited area satisfying each of every need
of the people. It is also designed in such a way that it would be economical.
This project work involves planning, analysis, designs, and drawings of a typical multi-
storied building. This project attempt has been made to plan, design and estimate a G+5
storied commercial building. This project involves Planning, Analysis, and Design &
Drawings. In Analysis various load cases and load combinations are included in this
project. R.C.C framed structure is used for multi storied commercial buildings.
Structural design is to be done using Limit state method.
Structural engineers are facing the challenges of striving for most efficient and
economical design with accuracy in solution while ensuring that the final design of a
building and the building must be serviceable for its intended function over its design
life time. The main objective of the project is to modify the general design practice of a
multi storied building. The structural design should satisfy the criterion of ultimate
strength and serviceability. A civil engineer must be familiar with planning, analysis and
design of framed structures. Hence it was proposed to choose a problem, involving
analysis and design of multi storied framed structure as the project work.
The proposed five storied commercial building consists of area of each floor is 1900sqm.
A building should be planned to make it comfortable, economical and to meet all the
requirements of the people. The efforts of the planner should be to obtain maximum
comfort with limited available resources. Functional, utility, cost, habits, taste,
requirements etc., should also be considered in planning a building. The planning of this
five storied building is so planned to meet out all the above factors.
1.4.1 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA (2016)
The National Building Code (NBC) is a document that provides guidelines for
construction of structures – residential, mercantile, institutional, educational,
commercial, assembly, storage spaces or even hazardous buildings.
The Code mainly contains administrative regulations, development control rules and
general building requirements; fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials,
structural design and construction (including safety); building and plumbing services;
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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approach to sustainability; and asset and facility. Our commercial building is planned and
designed considering the National Building Code of India.
1.4.2 PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
The design of a public building depends upon the nature of the building. Every building
has a special character of its own. The function of the building is to be ascertained first.
Then the blocks or units are to be planned. The units are then joined together to form the
whole building. The sizes of various units depend upon the number of persons working,
furniture required, space necessary for movements etc. As such no hard and fast
dimensions are given for the guidance of students.
Some common arrangements required in all types of public buildings are:
1. Sanitary blocks
2. Circulation
3. Entrance or reception
4. Parking space, garages, and cycle stands
5. Watchman’s room
6. Public telephone
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 AUTOCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided design
and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical, electrical,
automation, architecture etc. It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk, Inc.
AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls, doors and
windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects.
The data can be programmed to represent products sold in the building industry, or it
can be extracted into a file for pricing material estimation etc.
AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and designing
any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the purpose of drafting and
designing any structure. The software has various inbuilt tools for complex drafting.
Also, AutoCAD can be used for 2D and 3D design and also for perspective design.
With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done. It has made
the life of a drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter using paper and pencil. It
has made possible to make easy changes in the drawing as and when required. Also,
various commands such as COPY, OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have made the tedious
process of redundant work quite easy and faster.
Also, one of the important features of AutoCAD is the import and export feature which
allows users to move their plans drawn using AutoCAD to other design software’s such
as STAAD Pro and ETABS with the help of DXF file format which has in turn reduced
load on the designer. Also, structural designs made on STAAD and ETABS are also
exportable to AutoCAD for minute detailing required.
2.2 STAAD PRO
STAAD Pro V8i has a very user-friendly interface and very useful for designing
complex structures and analysing them. STAAD Pro V8i is a design and structural
analysis program developed by Research Engineers International, CA. It was acquired
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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by Bentley Systems in 2005. It is one of the most widely used design and structural
analysis software’s for concrete, steel and timber design codes.
STAAD pro allows designers and structural engineers to design and analyse virtually
any type of structure through its very flexible modelling environment, fluent data
collection and advanced features.
STAAD pro supports over 70 international codes including IS456:2000 IS800:2007 and
20 U.S codes in more than 7 languages.
The GUI or Graphical User Interface or user communicates with the STAAD Pro
analysis engine through the standard input file. That input file, a text file consists of a
series of commands which are sequentially executed. These commands contain either
instructions or data pertaining to analysis and/or design. The STAAD Pro input file may
be created through the text editor or the GUI facility. Generally, any text editor can be
utilized to edit/create the STD input file. The GUI Modelling facility creates the input
file through an interactive graphics-oriented procedure.
STAAD allows users to create various types of structures and also analyse these
structures which are listed below.
A SPACE structure, is a 3D-frame structure in which loads may be applied in any plane,
it is the most general type.
A PLANE structure is bound by any two axes with loads acting on the same plane.
A TRUSS structure is a structure having various truss members with axial loading but
no bending.
A FLOOR structure is a 2D or 3D structure with no horizontal movement of the
structure. Columns are also to be modelled with the floor in a FLOOR structure as long
as the structure has no horizontal loading. In case there is a horizontal load, it should
be analysed as a SPACE structure.
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2.3 CASE STUDIES
2.3.1 Analysis of Commercial Building Using Staad-Pro in 10
th
international
conference on recent innovations in science engineering and management by Y
Stalin, K Pranaya: The objective was to lay out a plan for G+3 commercial building
design beams and columns for the structure using staad pro. This project helps us
understand the efficiency of software and how it eases our work with accurate results
in minimum time. By the end of project, we have learnt the aspects to be considered for
planning and achieved the aim of determining the reinforcement details and designing
beams and columns which are capable to resists all the loads of the structure. From the
STAAD PRO analysis and design for the given structure, the total deflection due to
dead load and live load for different load combinations differ. The failure loads are
identified and the structure is designed for loads that can withstand wind loads and
seismic loads.
2.3.2 Analysis and design of G+5 building with conventional and flat slab by Imran
B K, Syed Shamoon from International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET): From the results it is concluded that the cost of flat slab is more
compared to normal conventional slab. The quantity of concrete in flat slab is more
because the size of the slab and drop panel is more. Hence the decrease in the slab and
drop panel thickness will reduce the quantity of concrete in safer way. The flat slab is
the good option for modern construction which provides the structural stability and
aesthetic appearance.
2.3.3 An investigational study of commercial building from International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) by Puneet Mittal; Nishant Kad
(2016) from case study 1: Analysis and design of a structure is a very tedious job and
it is also time consuming when it is carried out manually. This problem can be solved
by the use of software which are meant for this work. This paper mainly deals with the
comparison of the results obtained from STAADPRO and ETABS which are the most
widely used software for analysis and design of multi-stored building. On comparison
between the software’s, it was found that ETABS provides lesser forces as when
compared to that of STAADPRO.
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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2.3.4 An investigational study of commercial building from International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) by Mahesh N. Patil, Yogesh N.
Sonawane (2015) from case study 2: In this paper, Seismic analysis was done by using
ETABS software. There was an increase in lateral forces from bottom to top floor in
both manual and software analysis. The seismic analysis results obtained from ETABS
software were manually verified as per IS 1893:2002. The seismic weight which was
obtained from manual and software analysis almost gave the same result. The slight
variation in base shear results were noticed in both manual and software analysis.
2.3.5 An investigational study of commercial building from International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) by S. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Etal
(2015) from case study 3: This paper deals with the effect of wind forces on a high
raised building. When the structures block the flow of wind, the wind’s kinetic energy
is converted into potential energy of pressure, which causes wind loading. The effect of
wind on the structure depends upon the density and velocity of the air, the angle of
incidence of the wind, the shape and stiffness of the structure etc. It is found that the
effect of the wind load increases as the height of the structure increases.
2.3.6 Design and analysis of G+8 commercial building using Staad Pro from
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics by K.Prabin kumari, Gopi
Bala Vinay: This project deals with Analysis and Design of a G+8 Commercial building
with wind effect using STAAD Pro at Thandalam, Chennai. This commercial having all
facilities under one roof, designed with shops, Super market, Food court, Net point,
Coffee shop & office space etc, with very good water supply and sanitary arrangements.
In this project, the Analysis of frame is done by stiffness matrix method using Staad Pro
Software. Design of footings, columns, beams & slabs are done manually by limit state
method as per IS456 – 2000, IS 875, and SP16.
PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
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CHAPTER- 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 STUDY OF IS:875-1987
IS 875 deals with the various load cases that act upon a structure and ways to calculate
them. There are various parts of the code that deal with the various load types such as
dead load, live load, wind load, snow load and various special loads and load
combinations. As the building is situated in Nellore and is not a high-rise building, loads
such as wind and snow were not considered in the design process. The Code gives the
unit weights of various materials as well as the values of imposed loads that act in
various types of structures and parts of these structures.
3.2 PREPARATION OF BUILDING LAYOUT USING AUTOCAD
The layout for the proposed building was prepared, discussed and approved by an
architect. The layout was then prepared using AutoCAD. The various layouts were
prepared and then later discussed with the architect for error correction.
3.3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING STAAD PRO
Once the layout of the building was approved by the architect the layout was transferred
from AutoCAD to STAAD Pro using a DXF file format. Once the layout was
transferred, multiple stories were created using the Translational Repeat Tool in Staad
Pro. After this member properties were assigned. Next the load cases were generated
and applied to the structure. Once the loads were applied the structure was analysed and
corrections were made to the structure for the various errors that were generated while
the structure was being analysed.
After the analysis, we started designing the structure by entering the DESIGN tab in
STAAD Pro. All the design parameters were entered and load cases selected. This
completes the design of the beam, columns and slabs. For designing the foundation
STAAD foundation program is opened and the structure along with the load cases is
transferred. Once this is done the soil conditions and the type of foundation is entered.
After this the program analyses and designs the foundation.
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CHAPTER- 4
LAYOUT OF G+5 BUILDING USING AUTOCAD
4.1 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT:
The plot size for the project was 50 m x 38 m. Accordingly the building has been laid
in the center of the plot leaving ample space on all the sides for landscaping and
pathways for cars and for visitors parking.
• No. of floors: B+G+5
• Height of each floor: 3.2 m
• Height of building: 19.2 m from ground level
• Height of building: 22.4 m from base level
• Plot area: 3380 Sq.m
• Plinth area: 1900 sq.m
• Site location: Vedayapalam, Nellore.
• Nature of soil: Hard strata
• Soil Bearing Capacity: 250 KN/m
2
• Wall thickness: 230mm
• Setbacks: 8m (front) and 7m (side, rear)
• No. of lifts: 2
• No. of escalators: 2
• No. of staircases: 2
• No. of toilets: 2 (ladies), 2 (gents) in each floor
• Synthetic water tanks on roof top
• Fire safety: 4 fire hoses in each floor
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4.2 Site plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METER S
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4.3 Basement parking
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.4 Parking plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.5 Ground floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.6 First floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.7 Second floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.8 Third floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.9 Fourth floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.10 Fifth floor plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.11 Roof top plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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4.12 Column layout plan
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS
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CHAPTER- 5
ANALYSIS OF G+5 BUILDING USING STAAD PRO
5.1 MANUAL LOAD CALCULATIONS :
1) 230 mm wall load = width of wall (height of floor – beam depth)× density of brick
= 0.23 [3-0.42] 20
= 11.86 ≅ 12 KN/m
2) 115 mm wall load = 0.115 (3 – 0.42)20
= 5.934 ≅ 6 KN/m
3) Balcony and parapet
Wall load = width of wall × height of wall × density of brick
= 0.115 × 1.2 × 20
= 2.76 ≅ 3 KN/m
4) 150 mm RCC wall load at water tank
= width of wall × height of the wall × density of concrete
= 0.15 × 1.5 × 25
= 5.625 KN/m
5) Lift
At 1.2m height = 0.23 × 1.2 × 20
= 5.25 KN/m
At 2.1m height = 0.23 × 2.1 × 20
= 9.66 KN/m
6) Stair case
Dead load =
??????×8
2
=
5.46×8
2
= 21.84 KN/m
Live load =
??????×4
2
=
5.46×4
2
= 10.92 KN/m
7) Escalator
Dead load =
??????×8
2
=
6.82×8
2
= 27.28 KN/m
=
??????×8
2
=
8.73×8
2
= 24.92 KN/m
Live load =
??????×4
2
=
6.82×4
2
= 13.64 KN/m
=
??????×4
2
=
8.73×4
2
= 17.46 KN/m
8) Floor load
Slab load, 150 mm slab = thickness of slab × unit area × Density of concrete
= 0.15 × 1 × 25
= 3.75 KN/m
2
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Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
2
Total load = 5.25 KN/m
2
125 mm slab at head rooms = 0.125 × 1 × 25
= 3.125 KN/m
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
2
= 4.625 KN/m
2
Live loads:
Live load on typical floors = 5 KN/m
2
Live loads on terrace = 2 KN/m
2
Live loads on lift at 1.2 m height = 10 KN/m
2
Live loads on lift at head room top = 0.75 KN/m
2
Live loads on stair case head room top = 0.75 KN/m
2
Live loads on water tank = 8 KN/m
2
5.1.1 General
The layout from AutoCAD is transferred to STAAD Pro using a DXF file. The
elevation is then created by using Translational Repeat tool.
Fig 5.1 Plan of the structure
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The above figure shows the beam and column layout that has been transferred from
AutoCAD. The total width of the building is 38.0 m while the lengths around 50.0 m.
The figure also shows the X, Y, Z direction. Here Y direction is taken as the vertical
component. The X,Y,Z coordinate system is also the same as coordinate system used in
AutoCAD.
Fig 5.2 Elevation of the structure
Table 5.1 Structural details
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5.2 GENERATION OF MEMBER AND MEMBER PROPERTY
Fig 5.3 Generation of Member and Member Property
STAAD Pro can be used to create various different geometry for the members, these
include:
• Circle
• Rectangle
• TEE
• Trapezoidal
• General
• Tapered I (Steel Section)
• Tapered Tube (Steel Section)
• Assign Profile
By using the Property Defining window we can generate the member property in
STAAD Pro. The member section is selected and the dimensions are specified. The
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beams have cross-section of 0.23 m x 0.45 m, 0.60 m x 0.45 m, 0.60 x 0.23m, 0.75 x
0.23m and the columns have a cross section of 0.45m x 0.45m, 0.52m x 0.30m, 0.65
x0.45m, 0.60 x 0.60m, 0.75 x 0.75m.
5.3 CREATION OF SUPPORTS
All the columns have been assigned fixed support using the STAAD pro Support creator
and have been assigned accordingly. Fixed Supports have restricted movements in all
directions as well there is restricted moment. This means FX FY FZ MX MZ MY all will
have some values.
Fig 5.4 Support Generation for the Structure.
STAAD Pro can be used to create a number of different supports for various
cases which include:
• Fixed
• Pinned
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• Fixed But
• Enforced
• Enforced But
• Multilinear Spring
• Foundation
• Inclined
• Tension/Compression Springs
Our entire structure is of Fixed supports.
5.4 MATERIALS
The materials for the structure are selected as concrete with their property and
constants as per IS Codes.
5.5 LOADING
The loading that has been considered on the structure are as follows
• Self-Weight
• Dead Load
• Live Load
• Load Combinations
5.5.1 Self-Weight
It is the weight of the entire structure generated by STAAD Pro itself with the Self
Weight Command. Self-weight = 1 KN/mm
2
5.5.2 Dead Load from Slab
Dead load from the slab can be generated by STAAD Pro itself by specifying the Slab
Thickness and the load on the floor per Sqm.
This was found out to be 6KN/sqm.
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Fig 5.5 Dead load acting on the structure
5.5.3 Live Load
The live load acting on each floor was considered to be 5KN/ sqm. The live load
is generated in the same way as dead load.
Fig 5.6 Live load on the structure
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Fig 5.7 Live load on the structure
5.5.4 Load Combinations
Fig 5.8 Load combinations of the structure
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This shows the load combinations of the commercial building which cannot be
seen with human naked eye and is taken from the staad pro software. The dead
and live load occurs due to various reasons such as loadings, wind directions etc.
Fig 5.9 Load combinations of the structure
5.5.5 Axial forces and Shear
Fig 5.10 Axial force on the structure
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This shows the possible shear and axial of the commercial building which cannot be
seen with human naked eye and is taken from the staad pro software. The shear and
axial occurs due to various reasons such as loadings, wind directions etc.
Fig 5.11 Shear of the structure
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5.5.6 Shear and torsion
Fig 5.12 Shear and torsion of structure
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5.5.7 Bending moments
Fig 5.13 Bending moments of the structure
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5.5.8 Beam stresses and deflections
Fig 5.14 Beam stresses and deflections of the structure
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5.5.9 Rendered view of the structure
Fig 5.15 3D view of the structure
The structure has to be analysed for load combinations considering all the previous
loads in proper ratio. These combinations are generated by the inbuilt auto- load
generator for various load combinations as per IS Codes. The Various Load
Combinations used are as follows:
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5.6 ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE
The STAAD Pro Engine analyses the structure based on the loads and member property
defined. This engine has the capacity to analyse each and every member of the structure
and let the designer know if any changes are required in the structure for a safe and
efficient design.
Fig 5.16. Analysing and design window
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CHAPTER- 6
DESIGN OF G+5 STRUCTURE USING STAAD PRO
6.1 GENERAL
After the STAAD Pro has completed analysing the whole structure, we can now proceed
to the design part of the structure. STAAD Pro can design a structure for various types of
materials like Steel, Concrete, Aluminium & Timber. We will choose RCC or Reinforced
Cement Concrete for designing our structure. After Completion of the analysis, we go
back to the modelling mode and click on the Design Tab where we select concrete as the
material. Once that is done, we select the Design Code which is to be followed. We select
IS 456.
Once that is done, we select the various members to be designed such as columns, beams
slabs etc. After that we specify the design parameters according to our wish, otherwise
STAAD will carry out the design as per the specified Design Code.
Once all the parameter and data are entered into the STAAD engine, we run the analysis
again so as to get the design values.
After the completion of the analysis, we get the design values for the various members in
the form of a written data. to get the entire schedule of a member we have to just click the
member and we will get the schedule for that particular member.
Various Design parameters can be entered as per the users command. These include the
cover, reinforcement grade, maximum and minimum bar size, design for torsion,
eccentricity etc. If not entered the values will be taken as default by the STAAD engine
as per the Codal Provisions.
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Fig 6.1 Assigning of Design Parameters to the whole structure
Fig 6.2 Input of Design Parameters into STAAD Pro
Various Design parameters can be entered as per the users command. These include the
cover, reinforcement grade, maximum and minimum bar size, design for torsion,
eccentricity etc. If not entered the values will be taken as default by the STAAD engine
as per the Codal Provisions.
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P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------
NUMBER OF JOINTS 680 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 1540
NUMBER OF PLATES 10 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 73
SOLVER USED IS THE IN -CORE ADVANCED SOLVER
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 3642
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CHAPTER -8
RESULTS
8.1 ANALYSIS & DESIGN RESULTS
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8.2 DESIGN RESULTS OF BEAMS
1. Beam size = 230mm x 450mm
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Fig 8.1 Concrete design of beam
Fig 8.2 Bending moment of beam
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Fig 8.3 Deflection of beam
Fig 8.4 Shear bending of beam
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2. Beam size = 450mm x 600mm
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Fig 8.5 Concrete design of beam
Fig 8.6 Bending moment of beam
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Fig 8.7 Deflection of beam
Fig 8.8 Shear bending of beam
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3. Beam size = 230mm x 600mm
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Fig 8.9 Concrete design of beam
Fig 8.10 Bending moment of beam
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Fig 8.11 Shear Bending of beam
Fig 8.12 Deflection of beam
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4. Beam size = 230mm x 750mm
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Fig 8.13 Concrete design of beam
Fig 8.14 Bending moment of beam
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Fig 8.15 Shear bending of beam
Fig 8.16 Deflection of beam
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8.3 DESIGN RESULTS OF COLUMNS
1. Column size = 450mm x 450mm
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Fig 8.17 Deflection of column
Fig 8.18 Concrete design of column
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2. Column size = 300mm x 525mm
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Fig 8.19 Deflection of column
Fig 8.20 Concrete design of column
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3. Column size = 450mm x 600mm
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Fig 8.21 Deflection of column
Fig 8.22 Concrete design of column
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4. Column size = 600mm x 600mm
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Fig 8.23 Deflection of column
Fig 8.24 Concrete design of column
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5. Column size = 750mm x 750mm
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Fig 8.25 Deflection of column
Fig 8.26 Concrete design of column
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8.4 FOUNDATION DESIGN
The foundation for the structure has been designed using STAAD Foundation. The
structure and load cases can be transferred to STAAD Foundation using in-built program.
The Foundation is designed as per IS specifications an in accordance to the soil
conditions where the structure is to be built.
To design the foundation firstly the structure is to be transferred to STAAD foundation
along with the selected load cases. After that the type of the foundation has to selected,
whether it is an isolated, combined or mat foundation. Finally, the job is to be created
and the foundation analyzed and designed.
Fig 8.27 Elevation of footing F1 from Auto Cad
Fig 8.28 Plan of footing F1 from Auto Cad
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Fig 8.29 Total columns
For 73 columns there are 9 types of isolated footings, 8 types of combined footings and
1 mat foundation.
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Table 8.1 Total number of footings
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Fig 8.30 Footing layout plan
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Table 8.2 Details of footings
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Side face reinforcement
F3 to F6: Ø12 for 3 no. all sides
F7 to F9: Ø16 for 3 no. all sides
Fig 8.31 Footing elevation of F1
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Table 8.3 Total number of beams
Table 8.4 Total number of columns
Beam number Section details Total number of
beams
1 0.45 x 0.23 99
2 0.65 x 0.45 884
3 0.60 x 0.23 9
4 0.75 x 0.23 8
Column
number Section details Total number of
columns
1 0.45 x 0.45 232
2 0.50 x 0.30 12
3 0.60 x 0.45 120
4 0.60 x 0.60 126
5 0.75 x 0.75 77
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Fig 8.32 Footing F1 from STAAD Pro
Design Parameters of a footing F1:
Input Values
Footing Geometry
Design Type : Calculate Dimension
Footing Thickness (Ft) : 600.000 mm
Footing Length - X (Fl) : 2100.000 mm
Footing Width - Z (Fw) : 2100.000 mm
Eccentricity along X (Oxd) : 0.000 mm
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Eccentricity along Z (Ozd) : 0.000 mm
Column Dimensions
Column Shape : Rectangular Column
Length - X (Pl) : 0.600m
Column Width - Z (Pw) : 0.450 m
Pedestal
Include Pedestal :N/A
Pedestal Height (Ph) :N/A
Pedestal Length - X (Pl) :N/A
Pedestal Width - Z (Pw) :N/A
Design Parameters
Concrete and Rebar Properties
Unit Weight of Concrete : 25.000 kN/ m
3
Strength of Concrete : 25.000 N/ mm2
Yield Strength of Steel : 500.000 N/ mm2
Minimum Bar Size : 12 Ø
Maximum Bar Size : 25 Ø Minimum
Bar Spacing : 120.000 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing : 150.000 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm
Soil Properties
Soil Type : Drained
Unit Weight : 22.000 kN/ m
3
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Soil Bearing Capacity: 250 KN/ m
2
Concrete and Rebar Properties
Unit Weight of Concrete: 25.000 kN/ m
3
Strength of Concrete: 20.000 N/ mm
2
Yield Strength of Steel: 500.000 N/ mm
2
Minimum Bar Size: Ø12
Maximum Bar Size: Ø25 Minimum
Bar Spacing: 100.000 mm
Maximum Bar Spacing: 150.000 mm
Pedestal Clear Cover (P, CL) : 50.000 mm
Footing Clear Cover (F, CL) : 50.000 mm
Soil Properties
Soil Type: Drained
Unit Weight: 22.000 kN/ m3
Soil Bearing Capacity: 250.000 kN/ m
2
Soil Surcharge: 0.000 kN/ m
2
Depth of Soil above Footing: 1.500 m
Cohesion : 0.000 Kn/m
2
Min Percentage of Slab : 0.000
Sliding and Overturning
Coefficient of Friction : 0.500
Factor of Safety Against Sliding : 1.500
Factor of Safety Against Overturning : 1.500
Design Calculations
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Footing Size
Initial Length (Lo) = 2.100 m
Initial Width (Wo) = 2.100 m
Uplift force due to buoyancy = 0.000 kN
Effect due to adhesion = 0.000 kN
Area from initial length and width, Ao
= Lo X Wo = 1.000 m
2
= P / q
= 1.565 m
2
Min. area required from bearing pressure, A max
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 31.6.3.1
Ks = = 0.883
Shear Strength( c) = 1118.0340 kN/ m
2
Ks x c = 987.5967 kN/ m
2
v ≤ Ks xc hence, safe.
Reinforcement Calculation
Calculation of Maximum Bar Size
Along X-Axis
Bar diameter corresponding to max bar size
(db) = 10 mm As Per IS 456 2000 Clause
26.2.1
Development Length(Lb) = = 0.451 m
Allowable Length(Lbd) =
= 0.500 m
Lbd ≥ Lb hence, safe
Along Z Axis
Bar diameter corresponding to max bar size(db) = 10
mm As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.2.1
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Development Length(Ld) = = 0.451 m
Allowable Length (Lbd) =
= 0.510 m
Lbd ≥ Ld hence, safe
Bottom Reinforcement Design
Along Z Axis
For moment w.r.t. X Axis (Mx) As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.5.2.1
Critical Load Case = # 3
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 1122.000 mm
2
Calculated Area of Steel (Ast) = 417.931
mm
2
Provided Area of Steel (Ast,Provided)
= 1122.000 mm
2
≤ Ast, Provided Steel area is accepted
Selected bar Size (db) = 10 Ø Minimum spacing allowed
(Smin) = 50.000 mm
Selected spacing (S) = 113.571 mm
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Smin ≤S ≤ Smax and selected bar size < selected maximum bar
size… The reinforcement is accepted.
Based on spacing reinforcement increment; provided reinforcement is
Along X Axis
For moment w.r.t. Z Axis (Mz) As Per IS 456 2000
Clause 26.5.2.1 Critical Load Case = # 3
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 891.000 mm
2
Calculated Area of Steel (Ast) = 321.009 mm
2
Provided Area of Steel (Ast,Provided) = 891.000 mm
2
Astmin < = Ast, Provided Steel area is accepted
Selected bar Size (db) = 10 Ø Minimum
spacing allowed (Smin) = 100.000 mm
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Selected spacing (S) = 112.727 mm
Smin ≤ s and Smax and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size...
The reinforcement is accepted.
Based on spacing reinforcement increment; provided reinforcement is
Top Reinforcement Design
Along Z Axis
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 1122.000 mm
2
Calculated Area of Steel (Ast ) = 1122.000 mm
2
Provided
Area of Steel (Ast, Provided) = 1122.000 mm
2
Astmin ≤Ast, Provided Steel area is accepted Governing
Moment = 13.846 KNm
Selected bar Size (db) = Ø10 Minimum
spacing allowed (Smin) = 100.000 mm
Selected spacing (S) = 113.571 mm
Smin ≤ S ≤ Smax and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size...
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The reinforcement is accepted.
Based on spacing reinforcement increment; provided reinforcement is
Minimum Area of Steel (Astmin) = 891.000 mm
2
Calculated Area of Steel (Ast) = 891.000 mm
2
Provided Area of Steel (Ast, Provided) = 891.000 mm
2
Astmin ≤Ast, Provided Steel area is accepted Governing Moment = 10.606 kNm
Selected bar Size (db) = 10 Ø Minimum spacing allowed (Smin) =
100.000 mm Selected spacing (S) = 112.727 mm
Smin ≤ S ≤ Smax and selected bar size < selected maximum bar size...
The reinforcement is accepted
Based on spacing reinforcement increment; provided reinforcement
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CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION
• This project includes the layout of G+5 commercial building using AutoCAD,
Analysis and Design using STAAD Pro.
• The layout of the proposed G+5 commercial building is based on a plot of size
50 m x 38 m located at Vedayapalem, Nellore.
• All the drafting was done using AutoCAD. Also, these drawings made on
AutoCAD also served as a base for transfer of the structure for analysis and design
into STAAD Pro.
• The analysis and design of the entire structure has been completed using STAAD
pro. The results include the various forces acting on various members as well various
schedules for various members.
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CHAPTER-10
REFERENCES
1. IS 875 1987 (Part 1, 2 & 3)
2. STAAD Pro User Manual
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAAD
5. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945
IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue IV/Oct.-Dec., 2012/104-106
6. Analysis of Commercial Building using STAAD Pro in International conference
Journal on recent innovations in science engineering and management by Y Stalin,
K Pranaya.
7. Analysis and design of G+5 building with conventional slab from International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology by Imran B K, Syed Shamoon.
8. An Investigational Study of Commercial building from International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology case study 1: by Puneet Mittal; Nishant Kad
(2016).
9. An Investigational Study of Commercial building from International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology case study 2: by Mahesh N. Patil, Yogesh
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