Plant as a source of drugs

This was my pharmacognosy presentation...
Consists of importance of plants...examples of natural drugs and its uses...

1. PLANT AS A SOURCE OF DRUG Presented by: NARAINO MAJIE Nabiilah Date: 5 th March 2013

2. CONTENT Introduction of Natural Drugs Growing interest in Natural Sources Drug Collection Drug Classification Drugs obtained from: Root Bark Leaves Flowers Fruits & Seeds Problems related with Plant Sources

3. INTRODUCTION Oldest source of Drug Home remedies Religious significance Pure compounds easily obtained Structural modification to produce potentially more active and safer drugs Economical

4. WHY IS THERE A GROWING INTEREST IN NATURAL SOURCES? Efficient compared to conventional diseases No side effects Harmless Drugs against Anti-HIV and Anti-Tumour activity are from plant origin Due to technological, economic, cultural and social trends.

5. DRUG COLLECTION Proper time of collection is very important to obtain a drug of good quality. It depends on the following: Time of the year Time of the day Stage of maturity and age

6. DRUG CLASSIFICATION Classifications can be based on: Chemical nature Therapeutic value of the plant product Natural affinities of the various species Morphology of the plant organ from which the drug is obtained

7. 1-ROOT Aconite obtained from the plant Aconitum napellus . It is used externally for neuralgia and arthritis, and internally to relieve fever and pain.

8. Licorice obtained from the plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra . It is used as a demulcent and expectorant and to disguise the flavor of medicinal preparations.

9. Rhubarb obtained from the plant Rheum officinale and R. palmatum . It is used as a tonic and laxative and for indigestion.

10. 2-BARK Quinine obtained from Chinchona calisaya , C. officinalis , C. ledgeriana and C. succccirubra . It is used as the only adequate cure for malaria.

11. Slippery Elm obtained from Ulmus rubra . It is used for its soothing effect on inflamed tissues, either in the crude state or in the form of lozenges.

12. 3-LEAVES Belladonna is obtained from Atropa belladonna. Belladonna is used externally to relieve pain and internally to cure excessive perspiration and coughs.

13. Cocaine is obtained from Erythroxylon coca. It is used as a local anesthetic and as a tonic for digestion and treatment of nervous conditions. It is addictive when used habitually.

14. Digitalis is obtained from Digitalis purpurea . Its action improves the tone and rhythm of the heart beats thereby making contractions more powerful and complete.

15. 4-FLOWERS Chamomile is obtained from Matricaria chamomilla . The dried flower heads contain an essential oil infusions which are used as tonics and gastric stimulants.

16. Hops is obtained from Humulus lupulus . Hops are used in medicine for their sedative and soporific properties and also as a tonic.

17. 5-FRUITS & SEEDS Opium is obtained from Papaver somniferum . Due to the narcotic and sedative action opium and its derivatives are used to relieve pain, relax spasms and induce sleep.

18. Nux Vomica is drug obtained from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica . It is used as a tonic and stimulant; strychnine, an alkaloid of its ripe seed, is used in small doses to treat nervous disorders and paralysis.

19. PROBLEM RELATED WITH PLANT SOURCES Identification of plant Climatic and social conditions of area Season of collection Condition of storage Standardization of active principle Purity of active ingredient Maintenance of supply line

20. CONCLUSION Plants have provided humans with many of their essential needs, including life-saving pharmaceutical agents. Recently the World Health Organization estimated that 80% people worldwide rely on herbal medicines. Many developing countries have intensified their efforts in documenting the ethnomedical data and scientific research on medicinal plants.

21. REFERENCES http://ns.bdnews24.com/blog/en/index.php/md-nasir-ahmed/1038 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658564/ http://howmed.net/pharmacology/sources-of-drugs/ http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/medicine.htm