Plant Biotechnology undergraduates note.pptx

Lecture note

1. شجرِِة المستقبل من وجهة نظر البايوتكنلوجيست A tree for the future

2. pH meter Laminar air flow cabinet Magnetic stirrer

3. Microscopes Centrifuge Sensitive balance

4. Liquid N2 Unit Water bath Oven

5. Plant growth chamber UV-UV spectrophotometer Vacuum freeze dryer

6. Schematic presentation of applications of plant biotechnology in agriculture Storage of genetic resources via Biodiversity and gene flow, Species under threat, ----Investment of Iraqi plant wealth for new pharmaceuticals

7. Suggested Plan for a Plant Biotechnology Project General Director Management Board Administration Dept . Financial Maintenance Legal aspects Weaning Unit Glass houses Plastic houses Other structures Pharmaceutical production unit Micropropagation unit Storage of genetic resources and Biodiversity unit Artificial seed technology unit Research and Development Dept.

8. A schematic presentation showing the government ’ s role in supporting biotechnological industry and production of various crops

9. Role of plant biotechnology in plant based industry Steroids , food additives, insecticides

10. Applications of Plant Biotech.

11. Production of Pharmaceuticals Large scale, up to 10.000 liter bioreactors, No seasonality, specific target compounds, medicine, food preservatives, pigments, flavors, fragrance, essential oil Increase drugs of natural sources increase in income. Food security.

12. Production of Therapeutic antibodies in plants In 1990, the first therapeutic protein expressed in plants was human serum albumin produced in tobacco and tomato leaves. Since then: over 100 pharmaceutical proteins have been produced in plants. i.e. Plants are drug factories

13. Edible Vaccines vis Molecular farming, Gene(s) induce immunity can be expressed in edible food Strawberry or apple rather than injection

14. Accumulation of hypericin in Hypericum callus cultures

15. Air lift Bioreactor

16. Environmental Biotechnology Pytoremediation?

17. Phytoremediation Plants for cleaning up the environment Removal of contaminants from soil, water, air, e.g. heavy metals, CO, CO 2 , TNT, oil splits …etc Healthy environment.

18. Conventional Remediation

19. Gene Banks vis Storage of Genetic Resources Plant tissues can be Preserved for millions of years, thereafter can be regenerated. Imagine the differences between gene banks & seed banks!!!!!!! Millions of $$$$ can be saved

20. Improving Diversity

21. Biofuel vis Biogas # Landfills Methane gas # One kg of sunflower 37 megajoules of energy # One kg of crude oil 42 megajoules of energy In Brazil, sugar cane Ethanol In U.S.A., sweet potato is a candidate for future Biofuel In U.S.A., 10% of highway vehicles use soya bean oil 8 kg 1.5 gallon of Biofuel

22. Biofuel production

23. Algal farming for Biofuel

24. Fuel for your car

25. Fuel + Ornament

26. Plant Biotechnology A crown gall is the result of an infection by a common soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumifaciens. The unique properties of this bacterium have made it a useful tool in genetic engineering of plants.

27. Next Green Revolution Inoculation of non Legumes with Nitrogen fixation bacteria nif genes Huge Reduction in Nitrogen fertilizers Approx. a reduction in farming cost by 20%.

28. Agarobacterium tumefaciens as a vector for transformation.

29. Strategies of gene transfer in plants

30. Genetic Engineering Transfer of desired gene(s) to plants There are more than ten methods Produced Hundreds of new varieties Easiest and common is gene gun

31. Wool genes

32. Manipulation of Chloroplasts (RUBISCO enzymes) More Photosynthesis Storage of more food.

33. Manipulation of Mitochondria Reduction in Respiration More stored food & Longer shelf life

34. Mutation Breeding Spontaneous & Induced Mutations Physical & chemical mutagens New varieties with better performance

35. Manipulation of Ion Pumping & Transportation Absorption of more ions Better plant growth more yield

36. Quality improvement Improvement of nutritional quality of crops, e.g. primary metabolites, & therapeutic e.g. secondary metabolites. Wheat, barley, maize are low in lysine. Legumes are deficient in S containing amino acids Therefore Breed for such traits