plant biotecnology ( Plant tissue culture problems).pptx

The problems in Plant tissue culture

1. The Problems in Plant Tissue Culture By Usman Kabir Murtala Sps/21/mbc/00066

2. Introduction Plant tissue culture, a revolutionary technique in plant biology, has opened new avenues in agriculture, horticulture, and biotechnology. It involves the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled environment to produce identical copies of the parent plant. While plant tissue culture offers immense potential for crop improvement, conservation, and disease management, it is not without its challenges. This presentations delves into the complexities and issues associated with plant tissue culture, exploring both the hurdles and the opportunities for advancements in this field

3. 1. Contamination Definition: Unwanted microbial intrusion affecting cultures and the explant. Causes: Sources of contamination (air, equipment, explant material). Consequences: Reduced Growth and Development Necrosis and Death Loss of Genetic Integrity d) Economic Losses Mitigation: Importance of aseptic techniques and proper sterilization. Regular Monitoring Antimicrobial Agents

4. 2. Vitrification Definition: Excessive accumulation of water in plant cells Causes: High humidity, low temperature, certain culture media Symptoms: Translucent or glassy appearance, distorted shape, reduced growth, increased susceptibility to diseases Control measures: Optimizing culture conditions, selecting vitrification-resistant cultivars, pre-treatment with hardening agents, improved cryopreservation techniques

5. 3. Browning of media and explants Causes: Enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds Contributing factors: Explant injury, culture medium composition, environmental conditions Impacts: Reduced nutrient availability, inhibition of morphogenesis, increased susceptibility to diseases Control measures: Careful explant selection, optimization of culture medium, use of antioxidants, presoaking of explants, dark incubation, frequent subculturing

6. 4. Somaclonal variation Definition: Genetic changes that arise in plants regenerated from PTC Causes: Stress of the culture environment, epigenetic changes, high cell division rates Impacts: Genetic improvement, undesirable traits, ethical concerns Detection and mitigation: Genetic analysis, use of embryos, optimizing culture conditions, selection and evaluation

7. 5. Recalcitrance Definition: Inability of plant tissues to respond to tissue culture manipulations Prevalent among woody plants, conifers, and tropical species Challenges: Poor explant survival, limited morphogenesis, high somatic variation Causes: Unknown, possible factors include oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance, compromised membrane integrity Strategies to overcome: Preconditioning, alternative culture media, somatic embryogenesis, cryopreservation

8. 6. Other problems of Plant Tissue Culture include : 1. Cost and Resource Intensiveness 2. Hormonal Imbalances 3. Acclimatization and Transition to Soil

9. Conclusion Despite the problems associated with PTC, it remains a valuable tool for plant propagation and research. With careful management and attention to detail, these problems can be minimized and the benefits of PTC can be maximized. As PTC technology continues to develop, we can expect to see further improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of this technique.

10. References Kazuyama , H., Matsumoto, T., & Shimada, T. (2016). Cryopreservation of plant tissues. In Plant cell culture (pp. 179-204). Springer, Dordrecht. Kurepa , J., Milošević , M., & Domainković , T. (2000). Somaclonal variation in plant tissue cultures: A critical review of induction, detection and utilization. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 60(2), 137-149Ling, L., Wang, Y., Jia, X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Current status and future perspectives of plant tissue culture. Plants, 3(2), 320-334. Murashige , T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473-497. Park, Y.-S., Yeoung , E.-J., Kim, S.-Y., & Lee, H.-J. (2009). Vitrification during cryopreservation of plant tissues. In Plant cryopreservation (pp. 197-218). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Pattanaik , S., Chand, P. K., & Chand, H. (2006). Browning of media and explants in plant tissue culture: a review. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant, 42(1), 1-12.Sakai, A., & Yoshida, T. (2013). The mechanisms of cellular damage and death during cryopreservation. In Plant cryopreservation (pp. 63-93). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Velikova , V., Markovska , E., Dimitrov, R., & Georgieva, S. (2012). Browning of plant tissue cultures: effects on morphogenesis and the role of antioxidant systems. Plants, 1(2), 344-365

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