Plant symbiotic relations with soil

1. PLANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONS ZUHHA TAQDEES ROLL NO: 2512 SUBMITTED TO: MISS MOUNEEZA

2. SYMBIOSIS Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

3. SYMBIOTIC PLANTS Mutually beneficial relationship without any negative benefits For example: Bryophytes

4. TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS

5. MUTUALISM Both organisms benefit in some way

6. COMMENSALISM One organism benefits, while the other derives no harm, but no benefits.

7. PARASITISM One organism benefits, while the other is harmed

8. PLANT SYMBIOTIC RELATIONS IN SOIL With soil With bacteria With fungi With animals

9. REALTION WITH SOIL Soil provides mineral and water Plant helps soil formation and development.

10. RHIZOBIUM AND LEGUME PLANT Bacteria lives in root cells of legumes(peas, beans, alfalfa) Form nodules Nitrogen fixation for plant Safe place for bacteria to reproduce Legume attract bacteria by excreting compounds

11. RHIZOBIUM ETLI nodulates both alfalfa and beans R . GALLICUM nodulates beans

12. MYCORRHIZAE Mutualism between plant and fungi. 95% of world’s plants form mycorrhizal relationships with fungi. Plant won’t survive without them. Fungus receives product of photosynthesis. Provides phosphorus and nitrogen.

13. TYPES OF MYCORRIZHAE Two types of mycorrizhae

14. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRIZHAE Most common and widespread Fungus penetrate inside the cell Form branched shrubby structure ARBUSCULE Members of phylum GLOMEROMYCOTA

15. ECTOMYCORRIZHAE Not widespread Fungus don’t penetrate in root cells Nutrient exchange through cell membrane and fungal and plant cell wall Members of class AGARICOMYCOTINA

16. RELATION WITH SQUIRRELS Squirrels increase soil fertility Eats plant attacking organisms e.g snails They get food Help increasing trees Also eat leaves.

17. QUESTIONS??