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Plant biotech info and details

1. Plant cell biotechnology

2. Agriculture: The Next Revolution Biggest industry in the world ($1.3 trillion of products per year) Plant transgenesis allows innovations that are impossible to achieve with conventional hybridization methods Resistant to herbicides Pest resistant Vaccines

3. Current Uses of Biotechnology Agriculture Transgenic Plants [disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, plant-based products such as vaccines] Transgenic Animals Transgenic Microbes Pharmaceutical Insulin Antibiotics Cancer therapy Others Mining Petroleum spill clean-up with microbes

4. Unique advantages of plant Biotechnology: The long history of plant breeding provides plant geneticists with a wealth of strains that can be exploited at the molecular level Plants produce large numbers of progeny; so rare mutations and recombinations can be found more easily Plants have been regenerative capabilities, even from one cell Species boundaries and sexual compatibility are no longer an issue

5. Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis Protoplast Fusion to create plant hybrids Leaf Fragment Technique Transformation by Gene Gun Method Chloroplast Engineering

6. Protoplast Fusion to create plant hybrids Degrade cell wall with cellulase A cell lacking a cell wall is called a protoplast The protoplasts from different species of plants can be fused together to create a hybrid The fused protoplasts grow in nutrient agar for a few weeks The colonies are then transferred to media to induce root and shoot growth

7. Leaf Fragment Technique Small discs of leaf incubated with genetically modified Agrobacterium Ti plasmid Treat with hormones to stimulate shoot and root development

8. Transformation by Gene Gun Method Blast tiny metal beads coated with DNA into an embryonic plant cell

9. Chloroplast Engineering More genes can be inserted at one time Genes are more likely to be expressed DNA is separate from the nucleus

10. Transformation by Agrobacterium Agrobacterium mediate gene transfer Method Ti plasmid integrates into the DNA of the host cell, making it an ideal vehicle for transferring recombinant DNA to plant cells

11. Benefits of Plant Biotechnology Increased crop productivity Enhanced crop protection Improved nutritional value of crop Environmental benefits Avoiding Chemical herbicide Virus resistance

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