Plasmids and its types

There is the fifth video by Miss Aymen Arif Sindh Biotechnologist Association has taken initiative for all young scientists, researchers, and students to have the platform to show their talent and interest in different activities.

Topic: Plasmids and its types

Presentation by: Aymen Arif

Research Officer at Halal Food and testing Laboratory,

Industrial Analytical Center, H.E.J (ICCBS).
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-spdnc-2z6Q

1. PLASMIDS PRESENTED BY: AYMEN ARIF SINDH BIOTECHNOLOGIST ASSOCIATION (SBA)

2. Joshua Lederberg American Biologist who first discovered plasmids in bacteria and indicate that bacteria can mate and exchange genes in 1952. He won Noble Prize for this discovery along with Beadle and Tatum.

3. UNDERSTANDING A PLASMID Small, circular double-stranded DNA molecules They can exist independently of host chromosomes They have their own replication origins and are a utonomously replicating and stably inherited . Plasmids and bacterial chromosomes are separate replicons . They range in size from few hundreds to thousands genes (around 8-10 kbp )

4. STRUCTURE An Origin of replication (ORI) region. Multiple cloning sites( a polylinker to clone the gene of interest) . An antibiotic resistance gene (Selectable marker). Occurrence: Bacteria, fungi, or yeast

5. pBR322 An origin of replication ( ori ) Two genes that confer resistance to different antibiotics ( tet R , amp R ) Several unique recognition sequences ( EcoRI , BamH1) Small size (4,361 bp). 

6. TYPES OF PLASMIDS Fertility Plasmids ( F-PLASMID ) – carry the fertility genes ( tra -genes) for conjugation, the transfer of genetic information between two cells. Resistance Plasmids (R-PLASMID) – Contain genes that can build resistance to antibiotics or poisons. Colicins Plasmids (COL-PLASMIDS) – contain genes that encode for the antibacterial polypeptides called bacteriocins, a protein that kills other strains of bacteria. The col proteins of E. coli are encoded by proteins such as Col E1.

7. Degradative Plasmids – Allows to digest unusual substances. Virulence Plasmids – Turn bacterium into a pathogen Episomes an episome is a plasmid of bacteria or viral DNA that can integrate itself into the chromosomal DNA of the host organism .

8. BY THEIR ABILITY TO TRANSFER TO OTHER BACTERIA

9. MODE OF ACTION

10. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMIDS Prevention of disease. Production of therapeutic drugs and proteins Gene knockout study Gene Cloning and Gene Mapping

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Info:Main Page.  https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org Margo R Monroe. Plasmids 101: What is a plasmid? by the addgene blog, 2014. Carsten Voss. Production of plasmid DNA for pharmaceutical use. Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2007; 13: 201–222

12. THANK YOU