Plastic as a material and it's uses and types.

different type of plastic and their uses

1. Submitted by 2006014 – K. M. T. Rabeya 2006020 – Sumaiya Islam Mimo 2006021 – Afifa Nazim Suhi 2006024 – Adhora Paul Submitted to Md. Asifur Rahman PLASTIC

2. DEFINITION Plastic is defined as a material that contains an essential ingredient an organic substance of large molecular weight. It is also defined as polymers of long carbon chains. It was discovered by famous German chemist Christian Schonbein  in 1846. TYPES OF PLASTIC 7 Different Types of Plastic Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET) High – Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Low – Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Other

3. MANUFACTURE Plastics are made from natural materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and crude oil through a polymerization or polycondensation process. The production of plastics begins with the distillation of crude oil in an oil refinery. This separates the heavy crude oil into groups of lighter components, called fractions. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains (chemical compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen), which differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules. One of these fractions, naphtha, is the crucial compound to produce plastics.

4. Plastic is used across almost every sector, including to produce packaging, in building and construction, in textiles, consumer products, transportation, electrical and electronics and industrial machinery. APPLICATION PROPERTIES They are light in weight and are chemically stable. Easily molded into different shapes and sizes. Good insulation and low thermal conductivity. Good impact resistance and they do not rust. Good transparency and wear resistance. Poor dimensional stability and can be easily deformed. Low processing cost.

5. Mechanical Joints: Bolted Joints Screwed Joints Riveted Joints Snap-Fit Joints Welded Joints: Thermal Welding Solvent Welding Fusion Joints: Electrofusion Joints Butt Fusion Joints Joints in Plastic Architecture Adhesives for Plastics Cyanoacrylate (Super Glue) Epoxy Adhesives Polyurethane Adhesives Acrylic Adhesives Solvent Cements Silicone Adhesives Hot Melt Adhesives

6. Plastic name Operating Temperature Brittleness Temperature Softening Temperature Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) -15°C to 60°C (5°F to 140°F) Below -15°C (5°F) Starts around 80°C (176°F) Polyethylene (PE) -40°C to 60°C (-40°F to 140°F) around -80°C (-112°F) Starts around 80°C (176°F) for LDPE and higher for HDPE Polypropylene (PP) -20°C to 100°C (-4°F to 212°F) Below -20°C (-4°F) Starts around 140°C (284°F) Polystyrene (PS) -40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F) Below -40°C (-40°F) Starts around 100°C (212°F) Polycarbonate (PC) -40°C to 120°C (-40°F to 248°F) Below -40°C (-40°F) Starts around 150°C (302°F) Specific Temperature Ranges for Common Construction Plastics

7. ADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTIC IN THIS CONSTRUCTION: 1.Light Weight 2.Durability:can sustain 300 years 3.Flexibility:can be molded in any shape 4.Cost Effectiveness 5.Energy Efficiency 6.Ease of Installation 7.Recyclability 8.Climatic response DISADVANTAGE OF USING PLASTIC IN CONSTRUCTION: 1.Plastics may be degraded under the action of direct sunlight which reduces their mechanical strength. 2.Many plastics are flammable unless treated. 3.High embodied energy content. 4.Low modulus of elasticity: makes them unsuitable for load-bearing applications.

8. Parasite Office Location: OFFICE BUILDINGS  MOSCOW,  RUSSIA Architects: za bor architects Arseniy Borisenko and Peter Zaytsev  Area:  230  m² Year:  2011    

9. CONCEPT Prominent feature of many Moscow areas is the presence of multi- storey buildings with blind end walls and wide passage between them. This project provides for usage of free spaces between buildings for creation of original and economic offices which do not block the courtyard access. The resultant aesthetic is geometric in appearance, but nods to the biological form of parasites, as they tend to “cling” to their host. So, in a sense, this concept office ‘infects’ the viable space between building blocks, or hosts if you will, (in a good way though) to create something unusual and yet, surprisingly practical.

10. PLAN OF DIFFERENT FLOOR

11. STRUCTURE The first realization of this concept shall become za bor architects’ own workshop which is planned to be build in between the two houses at the 5th Kozhukhovskaya Street. The project provides for creation of a three-floor volume with an accessible roof area, divided with modular floor panels. The framework which shapes it, is a single structural unit clamped between the blind facades of the houses. The polygonal main facade solved in dynamical volumes, is made from light and durable cellular polycarbonate; the facade turned to the courtyard is flat and completely glazed.

12. MATERIALS CELLULAR POLYCARBONATE GLAZED POLYCARBONATE

13. L HOUSE Architects :  moomoo Architects Area : 200 m Location : Lodz, Poland L HOUSE

14. MATERIALS It is the first house whose elevation has been made entirely of a plastic insulating material – Thermopian . Usually, Thermopian has been used only for roofing. It has good thermal, acoustic and insulating properties. It can have any required color. Thermopian CONCEPT The design is based on that of traditional Polish houses, but the roof rises steeply towards one end of the building . One distinctive leaning wall is a result of a compromise between a simple shape and the local law, which requires building in line with plot borders.

15. PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

16. SECTION Use of Thermopian on every facade

17. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES The design is based on that of traditional Polish houses, but the roof rises steeply towards one end of the building. One wall will protrude from the residence at an angle to accommodate planning laws that mean the building’s facade should be built parallel to the boundary of the site. The structure of the ‘L House’ is entirely clad in thermopian , a material that is usually only used for roofing. According to the architects, the unusual material helps with thermal regulation and insulation. The whole structure is created with the help of load bearing walls which are made of Thermopian .

18. Location : CURITIBA,  BRAZIL Area : 10979 sq. ft. Architects :  Estúdio 41 Year :  2021 Laguna Gallery

19. Concept :   A space of luminosity, an atmosphere of subdued light, whose objective is to promote well-being. A place where light is the protagonist not only during the day but as an urban lamp at night. A gallery designed to welcome, celebrate meetings and fulfill the wishes of people looking for qualified spaces to live. Excavate a garden on the underground perimeter, and the translucent material that reveals luminosities, but not the visual ones from the interior of the building makes the building attractive to all. The intention is for the commercial space to communicate a subdued, unusual luminosity, providing an atmosphere of quiet, reflective spaces, conducive to decision-making. Action :

20. Plan Section Basement floor plan Ground floor plan First floor plan

21. Structural details:

22. 2. Danpal Facade system’s modular and lightweight design allowed for easy installation, enabling the creation of intricate facade shapes and forms that matched the gallery’s unique architecture. 3. The 22mm thick Danpalon panel provided exceptional thermal insulation and light diffusion. This allowed natural light to penetrate the interior while preventing glare and heat build-up, ensuring optimal conditions for displaying artwork. 4. The Danpal Facade System’s solid polycarbonate construction exhibited excellent resistance to coastal elements, including saltwater and wind, guaranteeing the longevity of the facade’s appearance and performance. 5. The “ Softlite Ice” color of the Danpalon panel harmonized perfectly with the coastal environment, creating a visually stunning facade that seamlessly merged with the natural surroundings. 1. The facades are built in a double envelope system. Externally, there is a volume whose materiality consists of white alveolar polycarbonate. The inner surface of this double wall is resolved with an aluminum and acid-etched glass system. Construction technique :

23. Beyond the Geometry Plastic 3D Printed Pavilion    location: NANJING,  CHINA Architects:  Archi-Union Architects     Year:  2021 Area-1352 square meters

24. Concept   The design eventually reflected an influential possibility of implementing robotic printing construction technology in the future of architecture. The collaboration between human designers and robotics has created a new working flow and reshaped the traditional design-to-build process. Adopting robotic printing technology, the super-scaled and high-dimensioned geometry has been realized with high efficiency and accuracy. The unique customized form will not only become a symbolic representation of   Nanjing   Happy Valley but also function as a perfect transition for travelers as they routine through the front plaza to major spaces of the theme park.

25. Structure  The gate adopts a comprehensive steel structure skeleton for form-finding, and a 3D modified plastic-printed construction system on a colored outer surface, excepting the flat surface of the roof that is covered with GRP panels. The construction site cooperated with the numbering system, which also applied multi-quadrant, multi-objective composite CNC installation technology to precisely position each 3D printed panel through the CNC laser positioning and scanning system

26.  After repeated material testing, especially a decade of anti-aging material performance experiments, the team has precisely developed an outdoor UV-resistant color-modified plastic material that can achieve 256 colors with precise parametric color printing technology. Each panel is prefabricated and printed by a robotic in the factory, and transported to the site for modular composite installation with a numbering system

27. URBAN CABIN LOCATION: Amsterdam, The Netherlands ARCHITECTS: DUS Architects AREA : 8 square metres . Year: 2016

28. CONCEPT Making a sustainable strong and durable house with recycled and reused waste. MATERIALS 1.Black color painted bio-plastic (POLYLACTIDE) 2.White glass 3.Concrete (The floor and stepped porch are combined with a concrete finish creating a beautiful pattern)

29. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES 1.In 3d printing technology the 3d printers uses a converted blueprint or cad drawing to create a physical structure by gradually printing the materials in layer.(in this project bio-plastic has been used in printing) 2.Then they are added with different adhesive (in urban cabin concrete are used)

30. PROS 1.creates aesthetics within a minimum footprint. 2. showcases different types of façade ornament, form-optimization techniques and smart solutions for insulation and material consumption. 3. POLYLACTIDE melts between 170 degree to 180 degree centigrade. That means it will never melt in average temperature . 4. Provides durable and long-lasting structure. 5. cost-effective prototyping, design flexibility, rapid production, and reduced material waste. CONS 1.  material limitations. 2. Challenges about surface finish, structural integrity, and production speed for larger parts. 3. Larger sized construction is not possible.

31.   https://www.archdaily.com/960939/beyond-the-geometry-the-worlds-largest-modified-plastic-3d-printing-architecture-archi-union-architects Beyond the Geometry Plastic 3D Printed Pavilion https://danpal.com/galeria-laguna-seamless-integration-of-danpal-facade-system-by-estudio-41-architects/ Laguna Gallery https://www.archdaily.com/1004308/laguna-gallery-estudio-41?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab https://www.archdaily.com/138151/parasite-office-za-bor-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab Parasite Office L HOUSE https://www.archdaily.com/30993/l-house-moomoo-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab URBAN CABIN https://medium.com/@norck.seo/what-are-the-advantages-disadvantages-of-using-plastic-3d-printing-0b3c9c9a573f https://www.3dsystems.com/advantages-of-plastic-3D-printing https://www.archdaily.com/794855/urban-cabin-dus-architects#:~:text=The%20Urban%20Cabin%20is%20part,growing%20cities%20around%20the%20globe SOURCE REFERRENCE

32. THANK YOU