Political institution ch 22

based on my lecture at Maju

1. Political Institution Chapter 22 Liaqat Hussain

2. Political Institution Introduction Political Institution is universal in all the societies of the world. To maintain law and order in society, a political government is required

3. Political Institution Definition “Distribution system of power and authority which is used to maintain social order is called political institution.” JohnJ.Maccionis : “Politics or polity is the social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s agenda and makes decisions.” Marg orie Hogan: “Political Institution is a complex of social norms and rules that serves to maintain social order to exercise power to compel conformity to the existing system of authority and to provide the means for changes in the legal or administrative System.”

4. Political Institution The State Iman Ghazali : “a state comes into being when the people get into conflicts and there is need of a law, of a judge and a ruler to enforce the whole system,” Gillin and Gillin : “the state is the sovereign political organization of the individuals occupy ing a definite territory.”:

5. Political Institution Elements of state An independent political organization, A number of people loving there in , and A fixed geographical area.

6. Political Institution Functions if state and Government Institutionalization of Norms The Decision of Conflicts The Enforcement of Norms The Defence of the Society

7. Political Institution State and Citizen Relationship Right to vote freely, Right to move freely within the state, Right to express opinion verbally and through press, Right to marry, Right to seek education and profession, Right of religion, Right of facilities in treatent and transportation Right of housing Right of security Right of defense against

8. Political Institution Rights and duties of citizens Right of recruiting in military forces /Police Right of making and breaking social relations with other state Right to declare war or make peace with other states, Right to levying taxes on people, Right of making laws, and enforcing them, Right of punishing those who violate laws of the state, Right of obedience to the norms of the state, Right of cooperation with the policies of the State by the citizens, and others.

9. Political Institution Social Functions of Political Institution To regulate relationship Welfare works Defense against foreign danger To create social control Elections Legislations Implementation of law International relations Evaluation of other institutions

10. Political Institution law The civil law The laws of positive morality, and The law of Nations of the international law.

11. Political Institution The function of Law Social Order Right and duties Cooperation Authority Morality