Political Parties Part-1 Chapter-5 Class 10th

There are total three parts. This is part 1

1. POLITICAL PARTIES
(Lecture-01)
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2. MEANING OF POLITICAL PARTIES
●Politicalpartiesareoneofthemostvisible
institutionsinademocracy.
●Fortheordinarycitizens,democracy isequalto
politicalparties.
●Itisimportanttoknowthenatureandworkingof
politicalparties.
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3. What is a political party?
A political party is a
group of people who
come together to
contest elections and
hold power in the
government.
Political party agree
on some policies &
programmes for the
society with a view
to promote
collective good.
Parties try to
persuade people
why their policies
are better than
others.
They seek to implement
these policies by
winning popular support
through elections.
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4. Political parties reflect fundamental
political divisions in a society. Parties are
about a part of the society and thus involve
PARTISANSHIP.
❖Thus a party is known by which part it stands
for, which policies it supports and whose
interests it upholds.
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5. COMPONENTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
ACTIVE MEMBERS
LEADER FOLLOWERS
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6. FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
❖Basically, political parties fill political offices and exercise
political power.
❖Parties do so by performing a series of functions:
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7. 1. Parties contest elections
❖In most democracies, elections are
fought mainly among the candidates
put up by political parties.
❖Parties select their candidates in
different ways. In some countries, such
as the USA, members and supporters
of a party choose its candidates.
❖In other countries like India, top party
leaders choose candidates for
contesting elections.
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8. 2 . Parties put forward different policies and programmes
3. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
4. Parties form and run governments
❖Those parties that lose in the elections play
the role of opposition to the parties in power,
by voicing different views and criticising
government for its failures or wrong policies.
❖Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to
the government.
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9. 5. Parties play a role of opposition
❖Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to
the parties in power, by voicing different views and criticising
government for its failures or wrong policies.
❖Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the government.
6. Parties shape public opinion
❖Parties raise and highlight issues.
❖Parties sometimes also launch movements for the
resolution of problems faced by people.
7. Parties provide people access to government machinery
and welfare schemes implemented by governments.
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10. NECESSITY OF POLITICAL PARTIES
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11. Why modern democracies cannot exist without political parties?
Without existence of parties, following situations may arise:
1.
Every candidate in
the elections will be
independent.
2.
Utility of the govt. May
be
uncertain.
3.
Parties become a
necessity in
larger societies
4.
The non-party based
elections to the
Panchayat occur in
many states of India.
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12. ➔ The rise of political parties is directly linked to the
emergence of representative democracies.
➔ Bring various representatives together so that a
responsible government could be formed.
➔ Need a mechanism to support or restrain the
government, make policies, justify or oppose them.
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13. HOW MANY POLITICAL PARTIES SHOULD WE HAVE ?
❖ In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party.
❖More than 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission
of India.
❖Only a handful of parties are effectively in the race to win elections
and form the government.
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14. ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
❖Only one party allowed to control and run the
government.
❖China has one-party system, i.e., Communist Party.
TWO-PARTY SYSTEM
❖Power usually changes between two main parties.
❖Example : USA & UK.
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15. MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM
❖Several parties compete for power, and more than two
parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power
either on their own strength or in alliance with others.
❖Example : India & France.
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16. COALITION GOVERNMENT
❖It is a government run by group of parties in
coordination with one another.
❖In this multiple political party cooperate, reducing
dominance of any one party within that
‘coalition’.
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17. ❖When several parties in a multi-party systemjoin
hands for the purpose of contesting elections
and winning power, it is called an alliance or a
front.
Forexample:
➔The National DemocraticAlliance,
➔The United Progressive Alliance&
➔The LeftFront
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18. ALLIANCE
❖When several parties
join hands for the
purpose of contesting
elections, it is called an
alliance or a front,
❖e.g. the National
Democratic Alliance.
COALITION
GOVERNMENT
❖When no single party gets a
majority in the election and
the government is formed by
two or more parties coming
together, it is referred to as a
coalition government.
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19. Some
Questions
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20. Describe the three major components of a political party.
1.TheLeaders:Whoformulatepoliciesandprogramsofthepartyand
choosecandidatesforcontestingelections.
2.TheActiveMembers:Whoareinvolvedindifferentcommitteesofthe
partyandparticipatedirectlyintheiractivity.
3.TheFollowers:Whobelieveintheparty’sideology&supporttheparty
bycastingtheirvotesinfavorofthepartyatthetimeoftheelection.
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21. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
Answer
1. Political parties contestelections.
2. Partiesputforwarddifferentpoliciesand programmes.
3. Play an importantrole in decision-making.
4. These parties, when successful inelections, form and run the
government.
5. Theseparties,iftheylose,becometheoppositionpartiesandplay
theroleofcriticizingthegovernment.
6. Partiesshapepublicopinion.
7. Partiesprovidepeopleaccesstogovernment machineryand
welfareschemes.
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22. What is a political party?
Answer
A political party is a group of people who come together to contest
elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some
policies and programmes for the society, with a view to promoting
the collective good.
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23. Differentiate between a national and a regional party.
Ans:-
i.A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election
to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is
recognized as a State party (or regional party).
ii. A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha
elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four
seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a national party.
iii. Regional party will have influence in less than three
states where as national parties will have influence in more
than three states.
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24. iv. Indian National Congress (I) and Communist Party of India (Marxist)
are examples of national parties and Telugu Desam of Andhra Pradesh
and Akali Dal of Punjab are examples of regional parties.
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25. POLITICAL PARTIES
(End of Lecture-01)
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