Pollution control bodies ^0 environmental laws.pptx

Pollution control bodies - Central & State pollution control bodies
Environmental laws in India

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VEERACHIPALAYAM, SANKAGIRI, SALEM, TAMILNADU DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT : SOIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT INCHARGE: Dr.R.DINESHKUMAR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, SANKAGIRI. SUBASRI. M , II-M.SC MICROBIOLOGY, VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, SANKAGIRI. SUBMITTED BY : TOPIC : POLLUTION CONTROL BODIES & ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA

2. CONTENTS Pollution control bodies CPCB & SPCB Constitution & Funtions Environmental laws in India Major environmental laws Conclusion

3. POLLUTION CONTROL BODIES SPCB CPCB

4. SYNOPSIS Introduction Pollution control bodies 1.Central Pollution Conrol Bodies(CPCB) 2.State Pollution Control Bodies(SPCB) Constitution of SPCB Functions of SPCB Constitution of CPCB
Functions of CPCB Conclusion

5. Pollution control bodies are organizations or agencies dedicated to monitoring, regulating, and mitigating environmental pollution. Their primary goal is to protect human health and the environment by ensuring compliance with environmental laws and standards. These bodies often have the authority to enforce regulations, conduct inspections, and provide guidelines for pollution control. They can operate at various levels, including international, national, regional, and local, and may include government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and international bodies. In India, pollution control is managed through a structured network involving both central and state-level bodies. INTRODUCTION

6. CENTRAL & STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BODIES The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, empowers the Central Government to establish the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for water pollution control in Union Territories. Similarly, it allows State Governments to form State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) for air pollution control in their respective states. The CPCB operates under the Central Government’s direction and oversees pollution control in Union Territories, while SPCBs follow directives from the CPCB or State Governments. Members of both boards are appointed by the respective governments. The main functions of the CPCB and SPCBs are outlined in the Act. For addresses, see Annexure-15.

7. CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD Established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, the CPCB is a statutory organization that provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests. CONSTITUTION OF CPCB Chairman : A full-time Chairman with expertise in environmental protection or institutional administration, nominated by the Central Government Government Officials: Up to five officials, nominated by the Central Government. State Boards : Up to five members from State Boards, with a maximum of two from specific categories as per Clause (c) of sub-section (2) of Section 4.

8. Interest Representatives : Up to five officials representing agriculture, fishery, industry, trade, or other interests, as deemed necessary by the Central Government. Central Government Companies : Two representatives from Central Government-owned or controlled companies, nominated by the Central Government. Member-Secretary : A full-time member-secretary with qualifications and experience in scientific, engineering, or management aspects of pollution control, appointed by the Central Government. FUNCTIONS OF CPCB To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement of the quality of air and water and the prevention and control or abatement of air/water pollution Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air and water pollution.

9. Co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among them.
Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of air pollution and prevention, control or abatement of air and water pollution.
Plan and organise the training of persons engaged or to be engaged in programmes for prevention, control or abatement of air and water pollution on such terms and conditions as the Central Pollution Board may specify.
Organise through mass media a comprehensive programme regarding prevention, control or abatement of air and water pollution. Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to air/water pollution and the measures devised for its effective prevention and control or abatement and prepare manuals, codes or guides relating to prevention, control or abatement of air and water pollution
Lay down standards for the quality of air and water Collect and disseminate information in respect of matters relating to air and water pollution.

10. STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) in India are established to manage and control environmental pollution at the state level. Each Indian state has its own SPCB, which operates under the framework of the CPCB. CONSTITUTION OF SPCB A Chairman with special knowledge in environmental protection or relevant administrative experience, nominated by the State Government. The Chairman can be either whole-time or part-time.
Up to five officials nominated by the State Government.
Up to five members from local authorities within the State, nominated by the State Government.
Up to three non-officials representing agriculture, fishery, industry, trade, or other interests, nominated by the State Government.

11. Two representatives from State Government-owned or controlled companies or corporations. A full-time Member Secretary with qualifications and experience in pollution control as defined by the State Government. FUNCTIONS OF SPCB Monitoring : SPCBs monitor the quality of air and water, and inspect industrial and other activities to ensure compliance with environmental standards. Planning : SPCBs plan programs to prevent, control, and reduce air pollution, and advise the state government on these matters. They also set standards for discharging effluents into water bodies. Research : SPCBs conduct research on environmental issues and gather data on pollution levels. Public education : SPCBs run campaigns to educate and raise awareness about environmental issues.

12. Technical assistance : SPCBs offer training and capacity-building programs to help industries and other stakeholders understand pollution control methods. Response: SPCBs respond to environmental disasters like chemical spills and take action to reduce their effects. Legal action : SPCBs can take legal action against polluters to uphold pollution control legislation. Pollution control bodies manage and reduce environmental pollution through regulations, monitoring, and enforcement. They aim to protect air, water, and soil quality, safeguard public health, and promote sustainability. Collaboration among governments, businesses, and the public is key to their success. CONCLUSION

13. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA

14. SYNOPSIS Introduction Environmental laws in India Water pollution Act
Air pollution Act
Environment protection Act Animal welfare Act
Wildlife Protection Act
Forest conservation Act Hazardous waste management Act
Municipal waste and plastics Recycling Conclusion

15. INTRODUCTION Environmental Law can be explained as a legal framework comprising principles, directives, policies, and regulations founded by different local, national, or international units. Its purpose is to safeguard and maintain the environment, verifying its appropriateness for both present and future generations.
According to Black’s Law Dictionary, environmental law is defined as, “A collective body of rules and regulations, orders and statutes, constraints and allowances that are all concerned with the maintenance and protection of the natural environment of a country”. “Environmental Law is, “an amalgam of state and federal statutes, regulations, and common-law principles covering Air Pollution, Water Pollution, hazardous waste, the wilderness, and endangered wildlife”.

16. Major environmental laws dealing with protection of environment can be dived into following categories : ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA Water pollution
Air pollution
Environment protection Animal welfare
Wildlife
Forest conservation Plastics Recycling

17. 1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Objective: To provide prevention and control of water pollution. Maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness and purity of water in the various sources of water. It vests regulatory authority in Centre Pollution Control Boards (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB). CPCB and SPSB are statutory bodies created under the Water Act, of 1974. CPCB Perfoms formulating policies related to the prevention of water pollution and coordinating activities of different SPSBs.
SPCB controls sewage and industrial effluent discharge by approving, rejecting, and granting consent to discharge.

18. Objective : To provide for prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution.To provide for the establishment of the boards at the central and state levels to implement the act. CPCB and SPCB were given the responsibility.
It states that the sources of air pollution such as internal combustion engines, industry, vehicles, power plants, etc., are not permitted to release particulate matter, lead, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or other toxic substances beyond set limits.
It empowers the state government to designate air pollution areas. 2. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

19. Objective : To safeguard natural resources and improve the quality of the environment by preventing, controlling, and abating pollution. This act was passed under Article 253 (legislation for giving effect to international agreements).
This was passed in the wake of the Bhopal gas tragedy in December 1984. Central Govt has the power to take all measures as it deemed necessary for the purpose of protection and improving the environment. 3. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

20. 4. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Objective : The Act provides for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants. It extends to the whole of India. It has six schedules that give varying degrees of protection: Schedule I and II provide absolute protection, offences under these are prescribed the highest penalties. Schedule III and IV are also protected, but the penalties are much lower. Schedule V(Animals ) e.g. Common crows, fruit bats, rats, and mice, are legally considered vermin and may be hunted freely. Schedule VI (endemic plants ) are prohibited from cultivation and planting.

21. 5. The animal (welfare)Act, 1960 India’s first national animal welfare law is the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCA) of 1960. The act’s main goal is to prevent animals from experiencing unnecessary pain or suffering, and to change laws related to animal cruelty. The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) was established in 1962 Under section 4 of the act

22. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, is an Indian law aimed at conserving forests and regulating their use. It was further amended in 1988. This law extends to the whole of India. It has five sections 6. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Section 1: It applies to all of India.It officially started on October 25, 1980. Section 2 : The act is about the restriction on the State Government for dereservation of forests or use of forest land for non-forest purpose. Section 3(A) : It specifies that anyone who violates or helps others violate .3(B): Makes the head of a department liable for offences by their department unless they can prove they were unaware or took all possible steps to prevent the offence.

23. 4. Section 4 : deals with power to make rules.Every rule made under this Act 5. Section 5 : deals with repealing and saving. 7. The Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 The Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 were notified by the Central Government under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate the manufacture, sale, use, and recycling of plastic bags. The rules were published on September 2, 1999 and amended in 2003. Recycling of plastics is to be undertaken strictly in accordance with the Bureau of Indian standards Specification IS: 14534: 1998 entitled “The Guideline for Recycling of Plastics”. Manufacture has to print on each packet of carry bags as ‘Made of Recycled Material’ or ‘Virgin Plastic’.

24. CONCLUSION In conclusion, India’s environmental laws provide a robust framework for protecting and managing the environment, addressing pollution, conservation, and sustainable development. Despite significant legal and regulatory advancements, challenges in enforcement, public participation, and adaptation to emerging issues persist. Strengthening these laws, enhancing implementation mechanisms, and ensuring active involvement from all stakeholders are essential for achieving effective environmental protection and promoting long-term sustainability in India.

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