Pollution-pollutants-types of pollutant Padma Lhamo.pptx

Pollution-The word pollution is derived from the latin word “Pollutionem”(meaning to make dirty or to defile).Pollution is defined as “The addition of the constituents to air, water, soil of land which alters the natural quality of the environment adversely”.
-Three basic amenities, i.e., air, water, soil or land in the past were undisturbed, uncontaminated and pure, but, today, the situation is just the reverse.
-It is due to progress on science and technology which is leading to the pollution of environment and serious ecological imbalance which is proving disastrous for mankind.
Pollutant
The constituents or material which cause pollution of the environment are known as pollutants.
Pollutants may be defined as an undesirable substane Or harmful solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such a concentration in the environment which tends to be injurious for the whole living community.
A pollutants may belong to
A chemical substance, e.g., an organo-phosphorous compound
A physical property e.g., heat, nose, etc.,
A geochemical substance, e.g., dust, sediment, etc.,
A biological organism and product.
types of pollutant:-
Primary pollutants
They are the pollutants that emitted directly from a source. E.g., Hydrocarbon, FO, NO2, SO2, particulate matter.
Secondary pollutants
The pollutants which are not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react among themselves. E.g Nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon reacts in the presence of sunlight so as to form Peroxyacl nitrate, Tropospheric ozone, Acid rain.
Physical pollutant
These are pollutants which change the physical character of the medium.E.g., pH, temperature and electrical Conductivity, etc.
Chemical pollutant
Inorganic or organic wastes from industries, garbage or sewage, mine wastes all constitute chemical pollutants.
Biological pollutant
Some biological substances, e.g., fibres, keratin, cyste, etc are very slow to degrade. These cause pollution in the environment in which these are found.
Quantative pollutants
When the concentration of a normal component of the environment increases beyond its threshold value it becomes a Quantative pollutant. E.g., carbondioxode, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Qualitative pollutant
Pesticides, weedicides and fungicides which are used by human for different purpose may become pollutants when their concentration increases beyond a limit.....................................................

1. POLLUTION Padma Lhamo

2. POLLUTION -The word pollution is derived from the latin word “Pollutionem”(meaning to make dirty or to defile).Pollution is defined as “The addition of the constituents to air, water, soil ot land which alters the natural quality of the environment adversely”. -Three basic amenities,i.e., air, water, soil or land in the past were undisturbed, uncontaminated and pure, but, today, the situation is just the reverse. -It is due to progress on science and technology which is leading to the pollution of environment and serious ecological imbalance which is proving disastrous for mankind.

3. Pollutants The constituents or material which cause pollution of the environment are known as pollutants. Pollutants may be defined as an undesirable substane Or harmful solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such a concentration in the environment which tends to be injurious for the whole living community. A pollutants may belong to A chemical substance, e.g., an organo-phosphorou compound A physical property e.g., heat, nose, etc A geochemical substance, e.g., dust, sediment, etc A biological organism and product.

4. Types of pollutants Primary pollutants They are the pollutants that emitted directly from a source. E.g., Hydrocarbon, FO, NO2, SO2, particulate matter. Secondary pollutants The pollutants which are not directly emitted as such, but forms when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react among themselves. E.g Nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon reacts in the presence of sunlight so as to form Peroxyacl nitrate, Tropospheric ozone, Acid rain.

5. Physical pollutant These are pollutants which change the physical character of the medium.E.g., pH, temperature and electrical Conductivity, etc. Chemical pollutant Inorganic or organic wastes from industries, garbage or sewage, mine wastes all constitute chemical pollutants. Biological pollutant Some biological substances, e.g., fibres, keratin, cyste, etc are very slow to degrade. These cause pollution in the environment in which these are found.

6. Quantative pollutants When the concentration of a normal component of the environment increases beyond its threshold value it becomes a Quantative pollutant. E.g., carbondioxode, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. Qualitative pollutant Pesticides, weedicides and fungicides which are used by human for different purposss may become pollutants when their concentration increases beyond a limit.

7. Persistent pollutants/Non degradable pollutant Some materials remain unchanged for a long time in the environment and are not easily degraded by natural processes are persistent pollutant also known as Non-biodegradable. E.g., glass, plastics, phenolics, aluminium cans and poisons. Radioactive substances, heavy metals like nickel, chromium, meecury lead or cadmium are all non biodegrade. Many of these pollutants are toxic and get incorporated into the food chain. Non persistent pollutants Some pollutants are broken down into simpler substances biologically or chemically within a very short time. Degraded products are harmless. Such pollutants are known as non persistent pollutants. E.g., garbage and agricultural wastes, heat, noise, metals and their salts, pesticides and Ahrochem, drugs and pharmaceutical products etc.

8. Gaseous pollutant These pollutant are gaseous in nature.at normal temperature and pressure. These includes organic and inorganic gaseous materials. Inorganic noxious gases includes oxides of nitrogen, pxides of sulphur, oxides of carbon, H2S, ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen cyanode etc. Organic gaseous pollutants includes hydrocarbon such as CH4, C2H2, C3H8 etc. These all are very harmful for plants, animals as well as man. Metallic pollutants Metallic pollutants include a large number of toxic and nontoxic metals occuring in atmosphere. Wind and rain release metals from the soils and rocks of earths crust to rivers and seas. Industrial activities also discharge large number of trace elements. These elements are Ca, Al, Pb, Co, Ag, Ti, Zn, Mo etc. Most if the metals are indestructible poisons to living organisms and are ubiquitious in environment, e.g., Cd, Pb Cr, Ba, Mn, etc. These metallic pollutants cause chronic brochitis, asthma, nervous impairement, headache, dizziness, cancer, tuberculosis etc.

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