POPULATIONTHEORY.................-2.pptx

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1. POPULATION THEORIES MALTHUSIAN BOSERUPIAN RICARDIAN CORNUCOPIAN

2. THOMAS MALTHUS The Malthusian theory, developed by Thomas Robert Malthus in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, states that population growth will eventually outpace the growth of food production, leading to wide- spread poverty and starvation.

3. THOMAS MALTHUS Thomas Robert Malthus set out His view about population. His famous book “ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION” Follow of Law Diminishing He view the rapid increases of population depended by the law of diminishing food supply. Malthusian Trap

4. THOMAS MALTHUS CLASSICAL CONCEPT The Malthusian Theory explains the relationship between the population Growth and food supply. He stated that the population increases faster than the supply of food.

5. THOMAS MALTHUS Theory of Malthus Food is necessary for human existence Human population tends to grow faster than in the earth to Produce subsistence. The effects of these two unequal powers must be kept equal. Since human tends to not to limit their population size voluntarily “PREVENTIVE CHECKS” in Malthus theory.

6. THOMAS MALTHUS CRITICISMS: The Malthus Theory was widely discussed and criticized during 19th and 20th century. The concept of Mathematician form was wrong. He did not prove the relation between arithmetic and geometric progression. Land is limited but technological advancement increases the food production.

7. THOMAS MALTHUS CRITICISMS: The Malthus Theory was widely discussed and criticized during 19th and 20th century. Malthus did not clear distinguish between fecundity and fertility. Malthus did not success in connecting both positive checks and preventive checks He neglected man power if population growth is high the man power will be high .

8. ESTER BOSERUP Boserup is known for her theory of agricultural intensification, also known as  Boserup's theory, which posits that population change drives the intensity of agricultural production.  Boserup argues that population growth is independent of food and that population increase is a cause of changes in agriculture.

9. ESTER BOSERUP According to Malthusian Theory, the size and growth of the population depend on the food supply and agricultural methods. In Boserup's theory, agricultural methods depend on the size of the population. 

10. ESTER BOSERUP MALTHUS THEORY BOSERUP THEORY

11. David Ricardo Ricardian economics are the economic theories of David Ricardo, an English political economist born in 1772 who made a fortune as a stockbroker and loan broker. Ricardo is known for his  Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock  is the Law of Diminishing Returns.

12. David Ricardo RICARDIAN EQUIVALENCE is an economic theory that says that financing government spending out of current taxes or future taxes (and current deficits) will have equivalent effects on the overall economy. Ricardian equivalence maintains that government deficit spending is equivalent to spending out of current taxes.

13. David Ricardo RENTRICARDIAN THEORY Rent is the payment made to landlord for the use of land. Rent is the portion of the produce of the earth which is paid to landlord for the use of the original and indestructible powers of the soil.

14. David Ricardo ASSUMPTION Rent of land arises due to the differences in fertility. 2. Ricardo assumes the operation of the law of diminishing marginal returns in the case of the cultivation of land. 3. Ricardo looks at the supply of land from the standpoint of society as a whole. 4. In the Ricardian theory it is assumed that land, being a gift of nature, has no supply price and no cost of production.

15. David Ricardo RICARDIAN THEORY OF TRADE Ricardo David developed this international trade theory based in comparative advantage and specialization, two concepts that broke with mercantilism that until then was the ruling economic doctrine.

16. David Ricardo Theory of comparative advantage suppose that this is the marginal cost data for England and Portugal for the production of wine and cloth. England Portugal wine 8 2 cloth 4 2 MARGINAL COST

17. David Ricardo Suppose that Portugal decided to devote 70% of its resources to the production of wine, with the remaining 30% use to produce cloth. W=70/2=35 C =30/2 =15 World output of wine has increased from 31.25 to 35, and cloth output has risen from 37.5 to 40

18. David Ricardo Although Portugal has an Absolute advantage in the production of both goods, both countries could benefits from trade. -Wine is relatively less costly in Portugal Portugal has a comparative advantage in wine -Cloth is relatively less costly in England England has a comparative advantage in cloth

19. Frank J Tipler Creator of the Cornucopian theory - Frank J Tipler Wrote the book - The physics of immortality Claims to have existence of life after death called the ‘’ Omega point’’

20. Frank J Tipler CORNUCOPIAN A cornucopian is someone who believes that continued progress and provision of material items for mankind can be met by advances In technology. They believe that there is enough matter and energy on the earth to support the peaking growth of the population which is estimated to be about nine million in 2050. looking further into the future they believe that outer- space will give humanity almost unlimited room for growth. There is no historical evidence that society will run out of resources.

21. Frank J Tipler CORNUCOPIAN General agreement that large families and growing population are highly desirable. Such opinions have been expressed by religious leaders because large families theoretically contribute more adherents ( supporters, believers) to the faith. Large numbers of adherents make religion both socially and politically powerful

22. Frank J Tipler Many people have faith in the human ability to find Technological innovation that will produce increases in earths carrying capacity - People who believe this are called cornucopian’s . They would point to agricultural and industrial revolution, which led to unprecedented (never done before) increase in world population. Cornucopians would suggest the nature of the next revolution is IMPOSSIBLE to predict. They would say that the next revolution would have to solve the most serious threats we face.

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