Populus deltoides

presentation on on cottonwood
by ALI NAWAZ BETTANI PFI Peshawar

1. ALI NAWAZ M.Sc Forestry (2019_2021)

2. Outline Introduction Distribution Morphology Reproduction Ecology Nursery Practice Current Status References

3. INTRODUCTION COMMON NAMES: Eastern Cottonwood Plains Cottonwood Rio Grande Cottonwood Plains Poplar Rousee Poplar ( AJK) The name cottonwood has been given to Populus deltoides due to the profuse production of cottony seeds, which make the ground look as if snow has fallen.

4. DISTRIBUTION The natural distribution of the genus Populus is restricted to the forests of temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. With the extensive introduction of poplars throughout the world, the geographic barriers have completely broken down. Poplars prefer longer hours of day light, the natural zone of poplars lies only from 31"N latitude and upwards. The areas of natural Populus forests occur predominantly in Canada and United. Native Range Canada, United States of America Exotic range Australia, China, India, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden, United Kingdom.

5. CLASSIFICATION Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryote Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta        Subphylum: Angiospermae         Class: Dicotyledonae Family: Family: Salicaceae Genus: Populus Specie: Deltoides

6. MORPHOLOGY Clear bole and an open spreading crown resulting in a somewhat vase-shaped form. Bark smooth, grey to yellow-green when young. Twig, stout, somewhat angled and yellowish; buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with several brown, resinous scales. Leaves are alternate, simple, pinnately veined, 3 to 6 inches long, triangular (deltoid) in shape. Flowers dioecious; male and female present as pendulous catkins, appearing before the leaves. Fruit has cottony seeds, 7/4 inch long borne in a dehiscent capsule, maturing over summer ( USDA FOREST)

7. ECOLOGY P. deltoides tolerates frost, heavy soil, sand, slope, and waterlogging. Because of its intolerance to competition and the absence of suitable seedbeds under existing stands, it does not usually succeed itself. Soil type: Said to persist on infertile sands, fine, sandy loams, and fairly stiff clays, but thrives on moist, well-drained, fine, sandy loams or silts close to streams,

8. REPRODUCTION P. Deltoides reproduced both by ; Natural Regeneration Artificial Regeneration Natural regeneration through seed is negligible except on landslips and freshly turned soil and also along the water courses. P roduces root suckers in abundance and the natural regeneration especially on poor sites or disturbed areas comes up mostly from suckers. Strong Coppicing Power. Gives in abundance epicarmic branches due to injury

9. REPRODUCTION Vegetative propagation: Propagated easily by using stem cuttings, one or two year old rooted and unrooted plant . . Cuttings should be collected from one year old shoots from lower 2/3 portion of the shoots or one year plants. The length of the cuttings should be around 9 inch ( 20 - 22 cm ) with thickness of about thumb size (1- 2 cm ). The upper cut of the cutting should be slightly above from the active bud as far as possible. All cuttings must be submerged under fresh water in drums immediately after preparation.

10. NURSERY The nursery site should be selected in an area which has fertile soils with assured irrigation and with proper drainage facility. Heavy clayey or sandy soils are not suitable. The pH of the soils should not be below 5.0. Can be raised in bare rooted nursery which may be raised bed and flate bed depend upon the availability of water. Mixing of Farm Yard Manure (2 kg per cutting in nursery beds) give best growth. Cuttings space should be 1 by 1 feet and regularly coppiced to produce more shoot for supply of vegetative stock.

11. IMPORTANCE

12. Current Status E xtensively planted and intercropped on farms in Pakistan. Under some conditions it will compete with crops for water. The poplar defoliator, Clostera cupreata , is considered the most damaging pest of poplar in India; it has inflicted large-scale defoliation, especially to Populus deltoides. The resistance of native cottonwood ( Populus deltoides) to Septoria spp. in the United States may provide opportunities for breeding resistant species hybrids.

13. RECOMMENDATIONS

14. REFERENCES Muhammad Iqbal Swati and Ghulam Akbar, Flora of Northern areas 2017. Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh Trees of Pakistan,1993. Muhammad Iqbal Sheikh, Cultivation of poplar in Pakistan, 1993. N . Krishnakurnar K. Palanisamy Maheshwar HegdeKannan C.S. WarrierM . Krishna noorthy Manual of Econornically Important F orestry Species in South India INSTITUTE OF FOREST GENETICS AND TREE BREEDING(Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education)COIMBATORE - 64I OO2, TAMIL NADU. COUNTRY REPORT ON POPLARS AND WILLOWS PERIOD: 2008 to 2011 NATIONAL POPLAR COMMISSION OF INDIA Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education P. O. New Forest, Dehradun, Uttrakhand , India. Anita Tomar and Anubha Srivastav ,EARLY GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF POPULUS DELTOIDES CLONES IN PRAYAGRAJ Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319 – 3824 An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http ://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm 2020 Vol. 9, pp.31-35/ Tomar and Srivastav . www.forestrypedia.com