Portland Cement and Alkali-Activated Binder.pptx

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1. GROUP 5 MEMBERS NGUY ỄN TRUNG ĐẠT B2305450 CHIM NHẬT KHÁNH B2305465 NGUYỄN MINH KHANG B2306463 BÙI ĐỨC ANH B2305433 ĐẶNG TUẤN MINH B2305474 NGUY ỄN MINH THUẬN B23054

2. PRESENTATION CONTENTS Introduce Pordland Cement Introduce Alkali-activated binder Comparison of Portland Cement and Portland Blended Cement Raw materials and production Properties and Application Conclusion

3. PORTLAND CEMENT AND ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS:

4. PORTLAND CEMENT Portland Cement (PC) is an inorganic binder consisting of clinker, gypsum and mineral additives

5. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER Known as geopolymers or alkali-activatedmaterials (AAMs). Emerging sustainable technology. Alkali-activated binders (AAB) are low-carbon alternatives to cement used in traditional concrete manufacture. This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of the historical background, synthesis development, reaction mechanism, and recent advances of the AAB.

6. Portland Cement and Portland Blended Cement Advantages: Portland Cement Portland Blended Cement Faster setting and early strength gain More sustainable Consistent performance Improved durability Good workability Lower heat of hydration Widely available Better long-term strength

7. Portland Cement and Portland Blended Cement Disadvantages: Portland Cement Portland Blended Cement High carbon footprint Slower setting and strength gain Lower durability in aggressive environments Variable workability Higher heat of hydration Availability can vary

8. PORTLAND CEMENT Raw materials Calcerious materials such as limestone or chalk Argillacecous materials such as shale or clay

9. PORTLAND CEMENT Raw materials In addition, Gypsum and others materials can added to enhance certain properties or reduce production costs.

10. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER Raw materials The two key ingredients of alkaline binders are: Alkaline solutions Aluminosilicate souces

11. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER Raw materials Alkaline solutions: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) Potassium Silicate (K2SiO3) Alternative Activators (e.g., Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Sulfate)

12. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER Raw materials Aluminosilicate souces : Fly Ash (Class F) Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) Metakaolin Natural Pozzolans (e.g., volcanic ash) Agricultural Waste Ashes (e.g., rice husk ash) Recycled Materials (e.g., demolition waste)

13. Portland Cement - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Portland Cement Manufacturing Process

14. PORTLAND CEMENT Production Mixing of raw materials Dry process Wet process Burning of raw materials Grinding of clinkers Storage and packaging

15. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDER Production Precursor Options (Raw Materials) Pre-treatment (for raw materials, especially clays) Mixing Casting Curing Final Product

16. PORTLAND CEMENT Physical Properties • Specific gravity: ~3.15 g/cm³ (TCVN 4030). • Fineness: 3000–5000 cm²/g • Particle size: 2–80 μm . • Affects workability, strength, and hydration rate.

17. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDERS Physical Properties • Lower density: ~2.3–2.8 g/cm³ • Fine particles, depends on precursor (fly ash, slag) • High surface reactivity • Can set rapidly, especially under heat

18. PORTLAND CEMENT Chemical Properties • Main oxides : • CaO (63–66%), SiO ₂ (21–24%), Al₂O ₃ (4–8%), Fe₂O ₃ (2–4%) • Main phases : • C₃S (55%), C₂S (18%), C₃A (10%), C₄AF (8%), Gypsum (6%) • Reacts with water to form C-S-H and Ca(OH) ₂

19. ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDERS Chemical Properties • Rich in SiO ₂ and Al₂O ₃ • Low in CaO (unless slag is used) • React with alkali activators (NaOH, Na₂SiO ₃) • Forms N-A-S-H or C-A-S-H gel depending on composition • Excellent chemical resistance, especially to sulfate and acid

20. APPLICATION PC ( P ortland Cement ) • Reinforced concrete (buildings, bridges, dams) • Pavements & highways • Precast products (pipes, tiles) • General construction – early strength 🔹 Fast strength gain – ideal for fast-paced projects

21. APPLICATION ABBs ( Al kali - activated Binders ) - Eco-friendly concrete in green buildings • Marine & chemical environments (high resistance) • Precast elements in controlled conditions • Suitable for areas with industrial by-products 📌 Low carbon footprint – High durability – Sustainable solution

22. CONCLUSION Portland Cement (PC): ✔️ Widely used ⚠ ️ High CO₂ emissions • Alkali-Activated Binders (AABs): Sustainable & durable ⚠ ️ Limited standardization 📌 Material choice depends on project needs & environmental goals. ➡️ Balanced use = greener, efficient construction

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