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1. SITE ORGANISATIONAL STUDIES II (POSITIONS OF BUILDING ) SHADRACK OSEI BREW

2. POSITIONS OF BUILDING is the positioning of a building in relation to seasonal variations in the sun's path as well as prevailing wind patterns. Position the building to make best use of sunlight and winds. Position of building has an impact on the building overall thermal performance and designing heating and cooling to reach occupants thermal comfort. An appropriate building orientation will allow the desirable winter sun to enter the building and allow ventilation in summer by facing the summer wind stream. The main benefit of building orientation is the energy efficiency of your home or building. It saves the heating, lighting and cooling cost of your building. Avail natural light, winds and sun to your building so that you can enjoy the warmth of the sun in winter, and cool breezes during summer. Buildings with a 'rectangular form' should ideally orient their longer axes towards north-south direction rather than east-west direction. Greater the perimeter to area ratio, greater is the heat gain of the building.

3. Objectives of Building position/Orientation. The orientation of a building is done for the following purposes: (i)  To give the correct direction to the building according to the surroundings. (ii)  To Provide natural light and air to the inhabitants. (iii)  To save the inhabitants from dust and smoke. (iv)  To save the inhabitants from noise. (v)  To provide privacy to the inhabitants. (vi)  To save the building from damages due to rain. (vii)  To save the inhabitants from the bad effects of the worst weather. (viii)  To add beauty to the building.

4. factors affect the orientation of a building: Sun Path: The  orientation  of  building  should be fixed in such a way that the sunlight should enter all parts of the  building  through doors, windows, and ventilators. The direction of Road/Street Surroundings Wind Direction Nature of Rainfall

5. 1. Sun Path: The orientation of building should be fixed in such a way that the sunlight should enter all parts of the building through doors, windows, and  ventilators . Various germs take birth in those rooms where sunlight does not enter. 2. The direction of Road/Street: Orientation is also much affected by the direction of the road or street. If some plot is situated between two paths, then the front view of the building should be to the side of the major path. 3. Surroundings: Surroundings should also be considered in the orientation of building. It also includes the method of their construction, ways of living of the neighbors. 4. Wind Direction: The direction of wind blowing throughout the year should also be kept in mind. Favorable and unfavorable winds should also be taken into account. 5. Nature of Rainfall: Humidity affects a building very much. Therefore, the direction of rainfall should be assessed. So, in the building orientation, it should be kept in mind that the smaller part of the building should be affected as far as possible.

6. planning access ways Construction sites can be dangerous  places , and only authorised personnel should be allowed  access . Dangers to non- authorised personnel include: Falling  materials  or  tools . Falling into  trenches . Falling from  height . Being struck by moving  plant  and  vehicles . Standing on sharp objects. Coming into contact with  electricity  or  hazardous materials . Dust ,  noise  and  vibration . all entrances and exits should have access points for pedestrians and vehicles clearly designated and separated. Construction sites will generally adopt perimeter security measures to control access, both for safety purposes, and to prevent damage, theft or vandalism

7. challenge in terms of securing access Their nature and  layout  is subject to frequent change. Access  is required by a large number of  contractors ,  suppliers ,  consultants  and so on. They are often in highly-populated  areas . It may be necessary to maintain  user   access  to neighboring  sites , or parts of the  site  itself. There can be time  pressures  to  complete  the  works  quickly

8. Movement   vehicle movement on site poses a significant risk of accidents. Organizing the building site to facilitate safer movement with minimal risk is what every site planner should be aiming to do. Organisation measures to facilitate safe movement should include: Separate parking areas for staff and visitors, away from the main site. Controlled access points. Delivery, unloading and storage points close to access points but not within (and definitely not across) the main site. Visibility and awareness aids, such as mirrors, reversing zones, alarms, cameras, lighting, and signage. High visibility clothing should be worn by all personnel and visitors onsite, and drivers trained in pedestrian awareness. Trained signalers to support vehicle movement.  it should not be possible for unauthorized persons to access the site during working hours or out of hours. Access should be monitored during working hours, for instance through CCTV systems and all visitors should be signed in and out. Additional security measures such as security monitoring or manned guarding should be in place .

9. accessibility to storage places The location for the storage should be: sheltered and well secured; located at a place for easy material handling and distribution; availability of space; closeness of materials in relation to the working area; and Stock holding policy: thus the material being stored at the site for the works should not be too small or too large, each have its own implications. Too small will result in shortages and causes delay whilst too large may also involve a large sum of capital to maintain the stores in terms of weather and security.

10. Storage and waste management On construction sites, there’s often as much movement of materials off the site for disposal as there is onto the site for building with. To get storage and waste management well organized, ensure: Storage which supports safety  – storage areas should be clearly designated and organized by type of material. The design and construction of each storage facility should be an appropriate match for what is being stored. For example, flammable and hazardous materials should be well protected from the risk of possible ignition. Storage which supports security  – vehicles should be parked and locked within dedicated zones within the perimeter of the site, and the keys stored in a separate location (such as site office) out of work hours, not left in the vehicles overnight. Equipment and tools should also be stored and locked appropriately. Early implementation of a Waste Management Plan  – a waste management plan should be in place before work starts and should be organized in compliance with the HSE guidelines and local environment agency and local authority regulations.

11. materials requiring different storage arrangement Materials shall be stored and place so as not to endanger the public the workers or the adjoining property. Materials shall be stacked on well drained, flat and unyielding surface. Materials stacks shall not impose any undue stresses on walls or other structures. Eg. Flammable and toxic materials such as fuel, bituminous substances shall be kept differently

12. covering of materials All the materials used on construction site needs to be stored and protected against either weather conditions and theft. The choice of covering of materials is done depending on the type of the materials. Types of covering materials: Polyethylene sheet Ethyl vinyl acetate( EVA ) Poly vinyl chloride.( PVC ) Aluminium sheet

13. Spoil removal Spoil removal  is the process of  removing   waste material quickly and safely. Spoil  or muck in the context of trenchless  construction  is the slurry of soil and broken rock fragments or drill cuttings produced as a result of the drilling process.

14. stationary plants stationary plants are power driven devices, whether or not mounted on a self propelled or non self propelled vehicle, which is designed or adapted principally to perform one or more functions while standing still.

15. alternative production and conveyance arrangement on site A  conveyor system  is a fast and efficient mechanical  handling  apparatus for automatically transporting loads and materials within an area. The  conveyance  of something is the process of carrying or transporting it from one place to another.  types of conveyor systems, including: Belt. Roller. Slat/apron. Ball transfer. Overhead. Pneumatic. Bucket. Chute.