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1. DR. JYOTI PARLE(PT) Professor Department of community PT LMCOP, POSTURE

2. Definition Posture is the attitude assumed by the body either with support in muscular inactivity, or by means of co-ordinated action of many muscles working to maintain stability or to form an essential basis which is being adapted constantly to the movement which is superimposed upon it.

3. Types of posture

4. Static posture

5. Dynamic posture This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. Postural mechanism The muscles: The group of muscles most frequently employed are those which are used to maintain the erect position of the body, by working to counteract the effect of gravity(anti-gravity muscles- extensors) The muscles are fan-shaped and multi pennate which signifies wide range of movement at speed. They are made up of red fibers , indicating capacity to continue contraction without fatigue Posture are maintain by neuromuscular co-ordination with the help of very complex mechanism.

7. Postural reflex Postural reflex helps to maintain the body in upright and balance position. An efferent response to an afferent stimuli. Afferent stimuli arises from variety of sources all over the body. Muscle : neuromuscular and neurotendinous spindles with in muscles record the changing tension. Increase tension results into the reflex contraction of muscle, like stretch reflex. Eyes : visual sensation records any alteration in the body position with regards to surrounding and help the restore body in erect position by activating righting reflexes. All the sensation and information are conveyed and co-ordinate into CNS.

8. Postural reflex The Ears: stimulation of receptors of the vestibular nerve results from the movement of fluid of semi-circular canal of internal ear. Each canal lies in different plan and any movement of head disturb fluid they contain. It gives knowledge of movement and the direction. Joint structure: in wt. bearing position approximation of bones stimulates receptors in joint structure and elect reflex reaction to maintain the position. Tactile stimulation

9. Patterns of Posture Development of Good posture. Good posture fulfils the purpose for which it is used with maximum efficiency and minimum effort. Efficient posture develop quite naturally. Chief factors which predispose to health and development of muscles and postural reflex Stable psychological background Good hygienic practice Opportunity of plenty of natural free movement

10. Predisposing factors for poor posture Poor posture is unnecessary amount of muscular effort to be used to maintain it. Mental attitude Poor hygienic condition General debility after prolonged illness and prolonged fatigue Local factors: Localised pain, muscular weakness, occupational stresses which leads to muscular imbalance and altered the postural pattern.

11. Postural deviation Postural deviation can happen with either an increase or decrease of the normal body curves, leading to: Uneven pressure within the joint surfaces Ligaments will be under strain Muscles may need to work harder (to hold the body upright) Pain

12. Scoliosis Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine which exceeds 10 degree bending of the vertebral from the normal. Structural scoliosis Non structural scoliosis

13. Lordotic posture Lordosis is the normal curve ( anterior convexity) of cervical and lumber spine. Exaggeration of the normal curve called lordosis posture.

14. Kyphosis posture/ Rounded back Kyphosis is a faulty posture in which lumber spine and cervical spine get hyper extended while thoracic spine get flexed and head become forward.

15. Sway back and flat back posture