Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals

phyto-remediation of toxic heavy metals by ornamental plants

1. COURSE WORK SEMINAR ( I) ON POTENTIAL OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS Presented by Swayam Prakash Nanda Environmental Science Department of chemistry

2. Phytoremediation:- Use of green plants and their microorganisms to Reduce toxic contaminant from environment without any excavation. Key features:- Natural process - can be an effective remediation method at a variety of sites and on numerous contaminants. Selected plant species possess the genetic potential to remove, degrade, metabolize, or immobilize a wide range of contaminants.

3. Deep rooted trees, grasses, legumes, and aquatic plants all have application in the phytoremediation field . Plants are able to remove pollutants from the groundwater and store, metabolize, or volatilize them . Plant roots also support a wide variety of microorganisms in the subsurface. These microorganisms can degrade the contaminants. The roots also provide organic carbon sources to promote co-metabolism in the rhizosphere .

4. Phytoremediation is use of plants for accumulation , removal or conversion of pollutants. PROCESS PHYTOREMEDIATION Phytoremediation Phytostabilization Phytotransformation Phytoextraction Phytovolatilization Phytostimulation

5. Approximately 400 plant species have been classified as hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, such as grasses, sunflower, corn, hemp, flax, alfalfa, tobacco, willow, Indian mustard, poplar, water hyacinth, etc. Popular plant species used for remediation:-

6. Uptake mechanisms on phytoremediation technology The mechanisms of heavy metals uptake by plant through phytoremediation technology

7. Factors affecting the uptake mechanisms of heavy metals .

8. Objectiv e of taking ornamental plants:- Contaminant have less chance to enter the food chain. Contaminated environment converted to landscape ecotourism. Economic benefits for local people and government . Useable by-product generated .

9. C D A B

10. 8 2 2’ Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

11. 6 12 Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

12. 7 1 5 Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

13. ADVANTAGES • N atural method, more aesthetically pleasing. • The cost of the phytoremediation is lower. • The plants can be easily monitored. • Maintain pleasant odour at remediation site. • Minimal land disturbance. • Reduces potential for transport of contaminants by wind, reduces soil erosion • H yperaccumulator of contaminants mean a much smaller volume of toxic waste. • Multiple contaminants can be removed with the same plant.

14. DISADVANTAGES • Limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots. • Slow growth and low biomass require a long-term commitment. • Not possible to completely prevent the leaching of contaminants into the groundwater. • The survival of the plants is affected by the toxicity of the contaminated land and the general condition of the soil. • Bio-accumulation of contaminants, especially metals, into the plants which then pass into the food chain, from primary level consumers to upwards and/or requires the safe disposal of the affected plant material.

15. Conclusions :- Heavy metals uptake by ornamental plants using phytoremediation technology, seems to be a prosperous way to remediate heavy-metals-contaminated environment. It has some advantages compared with other commonly used conventional technologies. Several factors must be considered in order to accomplish a high performance of remediation result, The most important factor is a suitable plant species which can be used to uptake the contaminant. the phytoremediation technique seems to be one of the best alternative, it also has some limitations so Prolong research needs to be conducted to minimize this limitation in order to apply this technique effectively.

16. References :- R . R. Hinchman , M. C. Negri , and E. G. Gatliff , “Phytoremediation: using green plants to clean up contaminated soil, groundwater, and wastewater,” Argonne National Laboratory Hinchman , Applied Natural Sciences, Inc , 1995. S. Roy, S. Labelle, P. Mehta et al., “Phytoremediation of heavy metal and PAH-contaminated brownfield sites,” Plant and Soil, vol. 272, no. 1-2, pp. 277–290, 2005. A. Erakhrumen and A. Agbontalor , “Review Phytoremediation: an environmentally sound technology for pollution prevention, control and remediation in developing countries,” Educational Research and Review, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 151–156, 2007 . A. L. Salido , K. L. Hasty, J. M. Lim, and D. J. Butcher, “Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using Chinese Brake ferns ( Pteris vittata ) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea ),” International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 89–103, 2003 . W. Nakbanpote , O. Meesungnoen , M.N.V. Prasad, “Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals and income generation ”, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham , Thailand, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana , India,2016 I. D. Pulford , D. Riddell-Black, and C. Stewart, “Heavy metal uptake by willow clones from sewage sludge-treated soil: the potential for phytoremediation,” International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 59–72, 2002.