poultry wast management farm system .ppt

Farm waste

1. POULTRY WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Presented by: ShivajeePal
Presented to : Dr. JyotiPalod

2. TYPES OF POULTRY WASTES
1.Poultry manure-
Intheintensivepoultryproductionsystemwherebirdswerehousedin
cagesoronslatedfloors,theexcretacollectedisbyfreeofforeign
materialsexcept,smallamountofbrokenfeathers,downs,spilledfeed
andbrokeneggshells
2.Poultrylitter-
Theexcretafrombirdsrearedinconfinementhousingsystemwithsome
kindofmaterialspreadontothefloorisnotremoveddailybutallowedto
mixwiththebedding.Inthecourseoftime,thebeddinggetsimpregnated
withdroppings,decomposedandtransformedintothesocalledbuilt-up
litter.Someofthematerialscommonlyemployedforbeddingincluded
ricehusk,woodshavings,sawdust,groundnuthullsandchaffedhay.

3. THE YIELD OF POULTRY WASTES
When birds are housed on littered floor, the amount of
poultry house wastes (litter) may be twice as that of
droppings alone.
It has also been estimated that of every kg of egg
mass produced, a hen excreta nearly accounts 4 kg of
fresh droppings or 1 kg of the dry excreta.

4. MANURE OR WASTES FROM POULTRY
Contribute significantly towards crop
production through enriching soil fertility.
Withcommercializationofpoultryfarming
activityinaverybigwayduringthelastfew
decades,hugeamountsofpoultryhouse
wastesaregeneratedandbecomingavailable
forthispurpose.

5. WHY POULTRY HOUSE WASTE/MANURE AS
LIVESTOCK/POULTRY FEED?
TheunprecedentedgrowthofpoultryinIndia–
1.Disposalproblem-causessoil&waterpollution
2.Demandofqualityfeed,thedemandforwhichcontinuedofriseatmuch
higherratethanthesupplyposition.
3.Presently,theannualrequirementforcompoundedpoultryfeedhas
beenestimatedat20milliontoneswithcurrent10and20%annual
growthratesfortheeggandmeatstocksrespectively,thefeed
requirementisexpectedtorise.
4.Thefeedandfoddersituationforthelargeanimalsisstillgrimmer-
shortagesfor
concentrates–44%
greenfodder–33%
dryfodder-44%
5.poultryhousewaste/manurecontainhighamountofundigested
nutrients

6. PROCESSED POULTRY HOUSE WASTES
Do not have their original characteristics and are wholesome
in appearance, smell and texture.
Also, these represent a cheap reservoir of nutrients and other
growth promoting factors. Poultry wastes contain higher
concentration of N, Ca, P etc., than those from other farm
animal wastes and, consequently, present a more intensive
source of nutrient recycling.
Moreover, the poultry wastes are relatively dry and essentially
totally collectable at site.
The cost of such raw material
The cost incurred on their collection and processing alone.

7. Typeofbird Kindofwaste Approx.quantity(g
DM/b/d
Broiler
chickens
Manure 11.0(cage)
Broiler
chickens
Litter 18.6(litter)
Replacement
chickens
Manure 13.7(cage)
Replacement
chickens
Litter 27.3(litter)
Layinghens Manure 32.9(cage)
Layinghens litter 65.8(litter)
Estimatedavailabilityofpoultryhousewastes

8. Constituent(%
DM)
Poultry manure Poultry litter
Crudeprotein 30-40 21-30
Trueprotein 8-13 13-22
Uricacid 3-10 2-8
Crudefibre 13-15 17-20
N-freeextract 29-35 30-35
Cell wall Contents 38.0 58.0
Etherextract 2-3 1-3
Totalash 21-28 15-25
Calcium 6-9 2-6
Phosphorus 1.6-2.5 1-3
Copper 0.015 0.01
TDN(Sheep) 52.0 72.5
Approximatechemicalcompositionandnutritive
valueofpoultrymanureandlitter
Highashandfibrecontentsinpoultrymanurearealsoresponsibleinpartforitslow
metabolisableenergy(800-1000kacl/kg)

9. Amino acid
(%DM)
Poultry manure Poultry litter
Alanine 0.93 0.84
Arginine 0.45 0.47
Asparticacid 1.07 1.18
Cystine 0.55 0.12
Glutamicacid 1.42 0.20
Glycine 1.57 2.34
Histidine 0.19 0.22
Isoleucine 0.49 0.61
Leucine 0.75 0.96
Lycine 0.47 0.53
Methionine 0.18 0.13
Phenylalanine 0.42 0.52
Proline 0.59 0.93
Serine 0.52 0.55
Threonine 0.48 0.54
Tryptophan 0.53 0.49
Tyrosine 0.30 0.33
Valine 0.68 0.78
Averagecontentsofcertainaminoacidsinpoultry
manureandlitter

10. UTILIZATION OF POULTRY WASTE AS LIVESTOCK FEED
Economic considerations
Environmental considerations
1.In view of the fact that feed usually represents 60-70% of total costs
on animal production, its replacement to some extent by the
processed wastes may significantly help reduce feeding expenses.
The potentiality of poultry wastes as a feedstuff especially for
ruminants has been well documented.
2.Poultry wastes have been successfully employed in many countries
for beef, dairy and sheep production.
3.In the U.K. certain organizations like ThornbersLtd. and Ross Ltd. are
engaged in commercial production and marketing of poultry manure
as a feedstuff for livestock and poultry.
4.In order to improve its public image, poultry manure in the USA is
called by the name Poultry Anaphagemeaning to eat again.

11. FEEDING POULTRY MANURE TO BEEF CATTLE
1.Poultrymanureisanexcellentproteinsupplementwith
40-70%TDN.Besides,itisarichsourceofinorganic
constituentsparticularlyCa,P,Na,Kandtosomeextent
oftraceelements.
2.Butinviewofhighashcontent,thefeedingofpoultry
manuretosuchanimalsislimitedtoaboutonethirdof
theirconcentratemixture.Whenfeedinglayermanure
usuallyhighinCacontent,duecaremustbetakento
balancetherationintermsofPsuchthattheCa:Pratio
isnotdisturbed.
3.Palatabilityofanyfeedisanimportantconsiderationin
itsutilization.Thelayermanureisusuallymore
palatablewhenensiledwithforagesrichinfermentable
carbohydrateslikethemaize,sorghum,sugarcaneor
whensupplementedwith3%molasses

12. FEEDING POULTRY WASTE TO MILCHANIMALS
1.Experimentsonfeedingofdriedpoultrymanuretodairycows
showedencouragingresultswithnoadverseeffectsonmilk
yieldorcomposition.
2.Theoptimumlevelofpoultrymanureindairycows’rationhas
beenworkedouttobe15%inhighyieldinganimalstoprevent
excessiveintakeofCawhichmayotherwisecauseserious
metabolicdisorders.
3.Dairycowsfedensiledpoultrymanureconsistingofrice
straw,poultrymanureandricebranina5:2:3ratiosperformed
asgoodasthosefeedonnoticeableadverseeffectsonmilk
yieldorcomposition.
4.Cowsusuallyadaptthemselvesrapidlyfromfreshgreen
forageorpasturetothepoultrylitterandcassavasilage
withoutanyadverseeffectonmilkproduction.

13. FEEDING POULTRY HOUSE WASTES TO PIGS
1.Thenutritivevalueofpoultrywastestopigsvariesconsiderably;a
distinctionmaybemadebetweenfreshpoultrywasteand
decomposedwasteorlitter.
2.Freshpoultrywastesatdietarylevelslowerthan10%arenotonly
toleratedwellbypigsbutalsoappeartostimulatetheirappetiteand
growth.
3.Anintegratedapproachofhen,pigandfishfarminghasbeen
successfullyadoptedbyfarmersinSouth-EastAsiawherelaying
hensarehousedincagesabovethepigpenstherebysavingon
poultryhousecosts.Excretavoidedbybirdsdirectlyfellontothe
pensandconsumedbypigsvirtuallywithinseconds.Onepigis
usually‘serviced’by3-7hensandthisaccountfor6-15%oftheirDM
intake.
4.Whencomplementedwithfishfarming,itrepresentsacompletely
closed‘Zero-pollution’cycle.

14. FEEDING POULTRY WASTED BACK TO POULTRY
1.Thehighcontentsofuricacid,CFandashlimitthe
usageofpoultrywastesinfishrationstoalevelhigher
than5%.
2.Thehighashcontentsindietsconsistingofpoultry
wastescan,however,becurtailedthroughappropriate
reductionintheamountofmineralmixture.
3.Effortshavealsobeenmadetoreduceuricacidcontents
inpoultryexcretathroughphysical,chemical,
microbiologicalorfungaltreatment.
4.Experiencehasshownthatrecyclingofpoultrywastesin
poultryrations,thoughtechnicalfeasible,offersveryfew
practicalbenefits.

15. PROCESSING OF POULTRY WASTES
1.In order to minimize risk of health hazard
following feeding of poultry wastes to farm
livestock, it may be useful to process these
appropriately.
2.Processing methods helpful in
detoxification
improving its feeding value
palatability
texture/colouretc

16. 1. DEHYDRATION
a)Drying is an oldest method known to be effective
against pathogens
b)Drying of poultry manure or litter is feasible because
it contains less moisture than that in pig, cattle or
buffalo excreta.
c)Sun drying is inexpensive but slow.
d)Drying at high temperature leads to significant lose
of N which can be minimized through acidification of
excreta prior to drying.

17. 2. STACKING
a)Another simple way of drying poultry waste is through
stacking.
b)The litter is stacked to a depth of about 1.5 m under a roof
for 6-8 weeks. Such litter is fairly sterile with fecal coli
forms such as salmonella,
c)This may as well be treated with formalin to preserve its
nutrients.

18. 3. CHEMICAL TREATMENT
a)Feeing of fresh poultry manure is possible only when it
has been treated with formalin.
b)Apart from its main function as a preservative, formalin
acts as bactericide and fungicide thus drastically
lowering the microbial count of the substrate.
c)The manure is treated with0.7% formalin (V/W)
containing 37% formaldehyde.
d)The addition of molasses to formalin-treated stuff is
often necessary to improve its palatability.

19. 4. ENSILING
a)Ofthevariousmethodsoftreatingwastes,ensilingseems
tobethebestforitimprovesnotonlythepalatabilityofthe
stuffbutalsodestroyspathogens.
b)Poultrymanureorlittercanbeensiledwithcropresidues,
foragesandotherroughages,fruitandvegetablewastes,
rootcropsorwithmolassesaloneprovidedthereis
sufficientmoisture(40-60%)andsolublecarbohydratesin
thesubstratetoensuregoodfermentationprocess.
c)Whenensilingpoultrywasteswithdrymaterials,sufficient
qualityofwatermaybeaddedtoattainadesiredmoisture
level.

20. HEALTH HAZARD AND SAFETY CONSIDERATION
Thegreatconcernliesintheexcessiveaccumulationofmacro-
mineral(Ca,Si,andFe),traceelements(Cu,Mn,Zn,Se),
medicinal compounds (anti-biotics, coccidiostats,
sulphatmilamides)mycotoxinsandhormones besides
pathogensdirectlytransmittableviawastesfromanimalsto
humanbeings
Moststudiesontheseaspectsshowthattherumenmicrobes
virtuallybreakdownallofthemetabolitesderivedfromfecal
wastes.
Likewise, toxicological research involving feeding of dried layer
manure at 30% level on dry basis to steers for 180 days
revealed no adverse effects on various physiological
parameters.
Experimental and field observations have so far producedno
evidence to show that poultry wastes recycling poses any
potential health risk to animals provided that such wastes have
properly been processed and the rations carefully balanced.