Power Factor Improvement

This PowerPoint depicts definition of Power Factor , its related factors, its necessity, its cause for low power factor, including graphics and graphs for better understanding among electrical students. It also consists of ways of improving Power Factor using capacitor and other devices. Also it has reference to the links from where it has been considered.

1. Power Factor Improvement Represented By Arijit Dhali

2. Contents

3. Introduction to Power Factor Power Factor is the ratio of Active Power (Watt) to the Apparent Power (VA ) of an electrical installation. Expression of Power Factor : Cos φ = VI Cos φ / VI Cos φ = R / Z Cos φ = P / VI {Here, Z = Impedance P = Active Power, VI Cos φ R = Circuit Resistance} Apparent Power, S = VI Reactive Power, Q = VI Sin φ Active Power, P = VI Cos φ φ Power Triangle

4. Necessity of Improvement of Power Factor Improving the Power Factor can: Maximize current-carrying capacity I mprove voltage to the equipment R educe power losses L ower electric bills Reduced demand charges Increased load carrying capabilities in existing circuits Reduced carbon footprint

5. Causes of L ow Power Factor Low Lagging Power Factor conditions can be caused by various combinations of the following I nductive Devices : Induction motors Induction generators Inductive loads of fluorescent ballasts Rectifiers providing a DC power supply Arc welders Solenoids Induction heaters Lifting magnets Transformers High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting Arc Welder Induction Motor Magnetic Lifter Transformer

6. Graph of PF Lag Vs PF Improvement Low Lagging Power Factor Power Factor Improvement Lag Between Voltage and Current creates waste Wasteful lag is reduced to increase energy efficiency Voltage Current Waste

7. Ways to Improve Power Factor Certain ways to Improve Power Factor are : Using Static Capacitor

8. Using Synchronous Condenser Phase Advancers

9. Impact of Power Factor on the System Large Line Losses (Copper Losses) Greater Conductor Size and Cost Poor Voltage Regulation and Large Voltage Drop Low Efficiency Penalty from Electric Power Supply Company on Low Power factor

10. Location of Shunt Capacitor The Shunt Capacitors (PF Improver Capacitor) can be installed at S ystem Bus , D istribution Point and at L oad itself. In certain loads , the entire load is switch ON / OFF based on need. In such cases, it is recommended to install capacitor bank with the feeder provided entire of this particular load . This scheme is known as Branch Capacitor Bank Scheme. As Capacitor Bank is directly connected to feeder or branch , it does not help to reduce losses in primary system from where the branch comes out.

11. Working difference between Shunt Capacitor & Synchronous Condenser Capacitor Banks / Shunt Capacitor : Capacitor banks are for correcting power factor of squirrel cage motor or any load with high active power which effect the balance in the system . Synchronous Condenser : Synchronous motors are more for constant speed application movement. They reduce the need to higher capacity capacitor bank. The cost of using synchronous motor will not reduce much because there will be need to power the rotor with DC power supply. Shunt Capacitor Synchronous Condenser

12. Conclusion As the  conclusion ,  P ower Factor  of electrical can be determined based on impedance value of electrical. The low  P ower F actor  of electrical load in  Power   D istribution system can be  corrected  by using S hunt Capacitor which installed at electrical circuit with the R ight C apacitance Value .

13. Reference : https:// www.slideshare.net/harshal567/power-factor-improvement-113222267 https:// www.slideshare.net/tbmeng/power-factor-improvement-45696305 https:// www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-capacitor-bank-and-synchronous-motor http:// edistoelectric.com/understanding-power-factor-and-why-its-important