Power point presentation in Science 10 Module 3-BIOMOLECULES.pptx

Sample presentation on Biomolecules lesson in Science 10

1. Prayer before class

2. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION… Previously: Boyle’s Law  Charles’ Law Introductory Activity

3. BIOMOLECULES

4. What are the 4 biomolecules? Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins W E TYPICALLY GET BIOMOLECULES FROM FOOD… THIS IS WHY WE MUST EAT IN THE FIRST PLACE! THE BIOMOLECULES SERVE TO KEEP ORGANISMS ALIVE.

5. #1: CARBOHYDRATES ARE SUGARS! We get 4 kilocalories per gram of carb that we eat!

6. What are Carbohydrates? Most common organic molecule Function : Primary energy source our body needs Elements present : C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio) Monomer (building block): Monosaccharides (Glucose is most common) Polymer: Polysaccharides (starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin) Examples : Chocolate, Bread, Pasta, Fruits, Vegetables (ALL FROM PLANTS!!!) IMPORTANT!

7. Sugars that make up Carbs Single sugar: monosaccharide Ex: glucose , fructose (in fruits) 2 monosaccharides : disaccharide Ex: maltose, sucrose 3+ monosaccharides : polysaccharide Ex: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin I am a polysaccharide!

8. Types of polysaccharides Starch : Used for energy storage in plants Potatoes, pasta and rice are starches They provide a quick form of energy for the body Glycogen: Used for energy storage in animals I am formed in the Liver!

9. More Polysaccharides Cellulose : Provides structural support in plants (found in the cell wall) Chitin : Found in exoskeletens of arthropods (insects, spiders) Found in cell wall of some fungi GIVES US FIBER!!!

10. Structure of Carbohydrates Remember: Elements are C, H, and O Primarily in a Ring shape (but not always)

11. Take a minute to find the word that does NOT belong. Raise your hand, do not shout out!

12. #2: LIPIDS ARE FATS We get 9 kcals per gram Of fat that we consume.

13. Lipids Function : Store energy, Insulates your body, and make up the cell membrane! Elements : C-H-O Monomer (Building blocks) : glycerol & 3 fatty acids Polymer : Phospholipids, triglycerides Example : Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane!

14. Lipids Lipids are Hydrophobic (water fearing) and do not dissolve in water! Lipids can be: Saturated : The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds. Solid at room temperature Mainly animal fats (bacon grease, lard) Unsaturated : There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present. Liquid at room temperature Mainly plant based fats (olive oil, peanut oil) as well as oily fish (Tuna, Sardines) Important!

15. Lipid Structure Remember: Elements present are C, H, O Long strands of Carbon and Hydrogen Unsaturated Fats Saturated Fats CALLED HYDROCARBONS!

16. #3: PROTEINS BUILD US We get 4 kcals per gram Of protein that we consume.

17. Proteins Function of proteins Transport molecules in and out of the cell Control the speed of chemical reactions Used for growth and repair Proteins make up the structure of living things… Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc are all built by protein!

18. Proteins Elements : C-H-O-N Monomer (Building Block) : amino acids (20 different ones!) Polymer : proteins (tons) Examples of proteins : hemoglobin in red blood cells, albumin in eggs, enzymes that control reactions in the body, and antibodies Found in : fish, eggs, meat NITROGEN IS PRESENT, NOW!

19. Protein Structure Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N “R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino acid has something different in that spot)

20. Why are amino acids important? When groups of amino acids are joined together a protein is formed There are 20 kinds of amino acids They consist of a carboxyl group (COOH ) and an amino group NH2 Peptide bonds form between amino acids (polypeptide = many peptide bonds = protein!)

21. #4: NUCLEIC ACIDS These biomolecules are not necessarily from food

22. Nucleic acids Function : Provide our genetic information Holds the instructions to make proteins. Elements: C-H-O-N-P Monomer : nucleotides A nucleotide is made up of: Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, or U Polymer : DNA, RNA and ATP Genetic code! Recipe for proteins Energy carrier

23. Structure of Nucleic Acid

24. SUMMARY

25. SUMMARY Biomolecules are organic molecules that include lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins . Biomolecules are essential to all living things (bio means life). Our body uses each one to maintain homeostasis. Each biomolecule contains their own monomer which are simple molecules that may form long chains which can form polymers which are many monomers that are bonded together; monomers are joined together by a chemical process called dehydration synthesis.

26. Prayer after class

27. Assessment Output Directions: According to your interest and preference, choose any one from these three assessment ouputs . 1. Create a concept map to show relationship between carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

28. Rubrics for rating concept map

29. Assessment Output Directions: According to your interest and preference, choose any one from these three assessment ouputs . 2. Make a cartoon or comic that tells either a funny story, a scary story, or an adventure story. Make sure your story answers the objectives and shows that you can connect the concepts that you are supposed to learn.

30. Rubrics for rating cartoon/comic

31. Assessment Output Directions: According to your interest and preference, choose any one from these three assessment ouputs . 3. Write a brief journal entry of the things that you learned from today’s lesson.

32. Rubrics for rating journal entry

33. ASSIGNMENT On a ½ sheet of paper, write down what you eat at dinner tonight and identify what biomolecules are present from that foods.

34. Thank you! “There’s a great metaphor that one of my doctors uses: If a fish is swimming in a dirty tank and it gets sick, do you take it to the vet and amputate the fin? No, you clean the water. So, I cleaned up my system. By eating organic raw greens, fresh fruits, adequate sugar and protein, nuts and healthy fats. I am flooding my body with enzymes, vitamins and oxygen.” -Kris Carr