Power point presentation on CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS

Blood to the brain is supplied by four major blood vessels that join together forming Circle of Willis at the base of the brain, which are:
1. Anterior cerebral artery.
2. Posterior cerebral artery.
3. Internal carotid artery.
4. Basilar artery.

Cerebral aneurysm (Also called: Intracranial aneurysm) is a bulge or balloon like dilatation/swelling of the wall of a blood vessel in the brain.
Most intracranial aneurysms occur between the underside of the brain and the base of the skull. The aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing life-threatening bleeding.

1. CEREBRAL
ANEURYSMS
MS.MEGHA JOSHI

2. INTRODUTION
Blood to the brain is supplied by
four major blood vessels that
join together forming Circle of
Willis at the base of the brain,
which are:
1.Anterior cerebral artery.
2. Posterior cerebral artery.
3. Internal carotid artery.
4. Basilar artery.

3. DEFINITION
Cerebral aneurysm (Also called:
Intracranial aneurysm) is a bulge
or balloon like
dilatation/swelling of the wall of
a blood vessel in the brain.
Most intracranial aneurysms
occur between the underside of
the brain and the base of the
skull. The aneurysm can leak or
rupture, causing life-threatening
bleeding.

4. Types of Cerebral aneurysm

5. ETIOLOGY
1. Congenital or familial
inheritance
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Hypertension
4. Connective tissue disorders
5. Sickle cell anemia
6. Infections
7. Trauma
8. Cigarette smoking
9. Illicit drug use
10.Alcohol

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Headache
Facial pain
Manifestation of meningeal irritation
Alteration in consciousness
Seizures
Autonomic disturbances
Visual symptoms

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
History collection
CT-scan And MRI
Lumbar puncture
Angiography

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Calcium channel blockers (Nimodipine: (Nimotop) , Verapamil
(Isoptin)
Osmotic diuretic (Mannitol 20%)
Antiepileptics (Phenytoin)
Antihypertensives (Nitropruside)

9. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
CLIPPING COILING

10. CLIPPING
A neurosurgeon can operate on the brain by
cutting open the skull, identifying the
damaged blood vessel and putting a clip
across the aneurysm.
This prevents blood from entering the
aneurysm and causing further growth or
blood leakage

11. COILING
A neurosurgeon or interventional
radiologist can thread a tube through the
arteries, as with an angiogram, identify
the aneurysm, and fill it with coils of
platinum wire or with latex.
This prevents further blood from
entering the aneurysm and resolves the
problem.

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT
oEstablish and maintain a patent airway as
needed.
oAdminister supplemental oxygen as ordered.
oPosition the patient to promote pulmonary
drainage and prevent upper airway obstruction.
oAvoid placing the patient in the prone position
as well as hyper extending his neck.

13. NURSING MANAGEMENT
oSuction secretions from the airway necessary to prevent hypoxia and
vasodilatation from carbon dioxide accumulation.
oMonitor pulse oximetry levels and arterial blood gas level as ordered.
Use these levels as a guide to determine appropriate needs for
supplemental oxygen.
oPrepare the patient for emergency craniotomy, if indicated.
oIf surgery can't be performed immediately, institute aneurysm
precautions to minimize the risk of re -bleeding and to avoid increasing
the patient's intracranial pressure.