PPT Cells, Tissues, Organs, and System in Living Organism

This ppt about cells, tissues, organ and system in living things

1. THE HUMAN BODY –
LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
CLASS NOTES

2. Smallest part of the body that
performs all the functions of life:
•the cell

3. Levels of organizationin living
things:

4. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Cell – smallest unit
of life.
e.g. bacterium; animal
cell; plant cell
Tissue – group of
cells w/ similar
structure & function
e.g. epithelial,
connective,
blood tissue
Organ – group of
tissues working
together to perform
a specific task
e.g. heart; stomach;
brain

5. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Organ system – group of
organs working together;
perform a necessary life
function
e.g. digestive,
respiratory,
cardiovascular
systems
Organism – several
organ systems
functioning together
e.g. human; dog;
tree; gerbil

6. Levels of organization in
humans:
Level 1: _________________ e.g. _____________
Level 2: __________________ e.g. _____________
Level 3: __________________ e.g. _____________
Level 4: __________________ e.g. _____________
Level 5: __________________ e.g. _____________
cell gastric gland cell
tissue gastric tissue
organ
organ system
organism
stomach
digestive
human

7. FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
Muscle: Cells contract and
relax to produce
movement (biceps,
triceps, heart,
arterial wall)
Nerve: Sends nervous
impulses
throughout the
body (brain, nerve
cord, nerves)

8. FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
Epithelial:
Connective:
Covers, protects
underlying
tissues (skin,
lining of digestive
tract)
Supports,
protects,
insulates,
nourishes

9. SUMMARY:
•(1) A __________ is the smallest unit of
structure and function of a living thing.
•(2) An example of a cell is a _______________.
•(3) A tissue is made of a group of similar _____
working together.
•(4) An example of a tissue is _______________
•(5) An organ is made of different ___________
CELL
CELLS
SKIN CELL
EPITHELIAL
TISSUES

10. •(6) An example of an organ is the __________.
•(7) An organ system is made of many _______
working together to do a special job.
•(8) An example of an organ system is the
________________ system.
•(9) An _______________ is a living thing that
carries out its own life activities.
•(10) An example of an organism is a ________.
SKIN
ORGANS
INTEGUMENTARY
ORGANISM
DOG

11. THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
(Handout)
•INTEGUMENTARY •Controls body
temperature, protects
against bacteria &
viruses, removes
some wastes (sweat)
F ile: S k in. jpg

12. •SKELETAL •Supports, protects the
body, allows
movement, makes
blood cells

13. •MUSCULAR •Moves body &
materials w/n the
body

14. •DIGESTIVE •Breaks down food
into simple nutrients;
absorbs nutrients into
bloodstream

15. •CIRCULATORY •Delivers food, O
2 to
body cells; carries
away wastes

16. •RESPIRATORY •Gets O
2 into blood
and CO
2 out of the
body

17. •EXCRETORY •Removes cellular
wastes from blood,
body
Click to see a n enla rg ed picture

18. •NERVOUS •Receives, transmits
messages t/o the
body
F ile: Nerv ous sy stem dia g ra m. png

19. •ENDOCRINE •Controls many body
functions using
hormones

20. •IMMUNE •Protects body against
diseases, toxins
F ile: S EM blood cells. jpg
white blood
cells

21. •REPRODUCTIVE •Produces hormones,
sex cells needed for
making new
organisms
•NOT COVERED YET!

22. THE END

23. 11/11/15$
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Cells
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Living VS Non-Living
© 2014 Katie Garcia$

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All Living Things Are Made Up of Cells
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Some Living Things Are Made Up of One Cell or Many
Cells
Prokaryotic Organisms
(Unicellular)









Consist of 1 cell
Bacteria
Eukaryotic Organisms
(Multicellular)
Consists of multiple cells
Protozoa
Shark
Bird Frog Human
Plant
© 2014 Katie Garcia$

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Plants are made up of plant cells
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Plant&cells&have&rectangular&shapes&and&edges.&
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Plant Cell - Parts
© 2014 Katie Garcia$

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Animals are made up of animal cells
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Animal&cells&are&circular&shapes.&
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Cytoskeleton
Animal Cell - Parts
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion Centrioles
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)

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These Are All Called ORGANELLES
• organelle&–&specialized$structure$that$performs$important$cellular$
func9ons$within$a$eukaryo9c$cell$$$“li7le&organs”$© 2014 Katie Garcia$
What’s Their Function?
o Cell membrane - thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what
enters & exits the cell







o Cell Wall - strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae,
and some bacteria






o Nucleus - contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) & controls the cell’s
activities (like the brain of the cell)




o Cytoplasm - gel-like material inside the cell that surrounds & protects the cells’
organelles

o Chloroplast - captures the energy from sunlight & uses it to make its own food
o Centrioles - structure that helps to organize cell division

(mainly plants)
(only animals)
aka. plasma membrane
! photosynthesis happens here
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
(plants)

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What’s Their Function?
o Cytoskeleton - network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape & is involved in many forms of cell movement









o Lysosome - filled with digestive enzymes that can break down certain materials &
help get rid of unwanted waste in the cell (like a garbage disposal)










o Mitochondrion - powerhouse of the cell that breaks down food to release
energy through cellular respiration (Mighty Mitochondria)






o Golgi Apparatus - helps make and package materials from the ER to be
transported out of the cell (like a post office)












o Ribosome - amino acids hook together to make proteins here
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
What’s Their Function?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Path along where molecules, especially proteins, move
from one part of the cell to another
o Smooth ER = No ribosomes

o Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Has ribosomes

o Vacuole - stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates



































o Nuclear membrane – membrane that surrounds the nucleus like an envelope to
protect genetic material. *Functions similar to the cell membrane





plants – LARGE vacuole
animals – SMALL vacuole
© 2014 Katie Garcia$

Nucleolus– the very center of the nucleus that holds chromosomes and makes
ribosomes
$

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Comparison
VS
© 2014 Katie Garcia$
Animal Plant Cell VS
SMALL vacuole
centrioles
LARGE vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast
cell membrane
nucleus&
cytoplasm&
endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)&
ribosome&
cytoskeleton&
mitochondria&
golgi apparatus&
© 2014 Katie Garcia$

30. Characteristics of Living
Things

31. Objectives
◼Be able to determine whether something is a
living thing (organism) or a non-living thing.
◼Learn and understand the 7 characteristics of
living things.

32. First Characteristic of Living Things
◼The first characteristic of living things is
movement.
◼All living things can either move from place to
place or move parts of themselves.

33. Second Characteristic of Living
Things
◼The second characteristic of living things is
Sensitivity.
◼All of the living thing can sense and react to
things around them

34. Third Characteristic of Living
Things
◼The third characteristic of living things is all
living things use energy (need nutrition)
Animals and humans eat food
to obtain their energy.
Plants however use the
sunlight to obtain their
energy.

35. Fourth Characteristic of Living
Things
◼The fourth characteristic of living respiration
◼Respiration is the process of living organism to
release energy for them to use

36. Fifth Characteristic of Living Things
◼The fifth characteristic of living things is that
all living things grow.

37. Sixth Characteristic of Living
Things
◼The sixth characteristic of living things is
reproduction. All living things need to
reproduce to survive.

38. Seventh Characteristic of Living
Things
◼The seventh characteristic of living things is
excretion
◼Organism produce waste materials, when they
get rid of these waster materials we say that
they excrete them

39. Living or Non-living and Why?
Living
Living
Living
Non-Living
Non-Living
Non-Living

40. Six Characteristics of Living Things
1.Cells
2.Organization
3.Energy
4.Homeostasis
5.Growth
6.Reproduction

41. PART OF
MICROSCOPE

42. Part of Microscope

43. Part of Microscope
The supports that hold the
slides in place on the stage.
Nosepiece holds the objective lenses
and can be rotated to easily change
power.
Controls the amount of light passing
through the slide
The tube hold the eyepiece.
Nosepiece02
06
04
Stage Clips
Diaphgragm
Eyepiece Tube01
Where the specimen is placed.
This place is for observation.
05
These are the primary lenses
employed for specimen
visualisation
03
Objective Lenses
Stage

44. Part of Microscope
moves the stage to provide
general focus on the specimen.
Eyepiece lens magnifies the image
of the specimen.
the main support of the
microscope.
used instead of a built-in
light.
Eyepiece / Ocular Lens08
12
10
Coarse Focus
Base
Iluminator07
moves the stage in smaller
increments to provide a clear
view of the specimen.
11
Where you hold and carry
the microscope
09
Arm
Fine Focus

45. Thank You

46. Tissues

47. Plant Tissues
Plant Tissues
Permanent
Tissues
Simple
Permanent
Tissues
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Complex
Permanent
Tissues
Xylem
Floem
Meristematic
Tissues
Apical
Meristem
Intercalary
Meristem
Lateral
Meristem

48. Meristematic Tissues
These tissues have the capability to develop. Growth in length and growth in diameter
of the plant is carried about by these tissues
Apical Meristem
Existentatthegrowingtipsor
apicalofstemsandroots.Apical
meristemupsurgesthelengthofthe
plant.
Intercalary Meristem
Existentintheradialportionofthe
stemorroot.Lateralmeristem
upsurgesthethicknessoftheplant.
Lateral Meristem
Foundattheinternodesoratthe
baseoftheleaves.Intercalary
meristemupsurgesthesizeofthe
internode.

49. Permanent Tissues
These cells have lost their ability to distribute but are specialized to offer elasticity,
flexibility and strength to the plant.
Simple Permanent Tissues
Simplepermanenttissuesarevirtuallypresent
ineverypartoftheplant.Themajor
functionsofthesimplepermanenttissueare
toprovidesupportandprotectiontothe
plant.Apartfromthese,theyarealso
responsiblefor:tissuerepair,secretion,food
storage,andphotosynthesis.
Complex Permanent Tissues
Complexpermanentplanttissuesarepresent
inthevascularregionoftheplant.
Xylem:helpsinthetransportofwaterand
mineralsfromtherootstotheleavesand
stems
Floem:helpsinthetransportationoffoodall
throughtheplant.

50. Animal Tissues
Animal Tissues
EphithelialTissues
Connective Tissues
Muscular Tissues
Nervous Tissues

52. Thank You