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1. GENETIC CODING

2. The following is the base sequence on one strand of a DNA molecule: A A T G C C A G T G G T   1. If this strand is replicated, what is the complementary strand that is produced? 2. If transcribed into an mRNA, what would be the resulting strand? 3. During translation, what is the tRNA sequence of nucleotides?  

3. MATCHED OR MISMATCHED?

4. ACTIVITY NO. 3 TRACE THE CODE

5.   Objectives 1. Fill in the data table for the order of bases in DNA and RNA 2. Find the amino acid that the mRNA codon is coding for, utilizing the Genetic Code Table. 3. Realize the effect of altering DNA base sequence

6.   Materials Genetic Code Table

7.   Procedure 1. Determine the order of bases in the first column (DNA) second column (codon) and third column (anticodon) by considering the complementary base pairs in DNA; adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, while in RNA adenine pairs with uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine.

8. 2. Identify the amino acid by looking at the bases in mRNA codon, e.g., AUG using the Genetic Code Table. Look for the first letter of the mRNA codon on the left side of the genetic code table (A), the second letter of the mRNA on the second column (U), and the third letter on the right-side column (G). AUG codes for the amino acid – methionine. 3. Do the same with the other codons in the chart.

9. GROUP 1

10. GROUP 2

11. GROUP 3

12. GROUP 4

13. DATA TABLE

14. Guide Questions: 1.How many codon/s codes for one amino acid? 2. What is the difference between a codon and anticodon? 3. What is a stop and start codon? 4. How would you describe an amino acid? 5. How does changing the DNA sequence affect genetic variation?

15. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid that is to be placed in the polypeptide chain. There is more than one codon for each amino acid.  

19. A codon is a three- nucleotide or triplet sequence found on mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation. The anticodon is a three- nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.  

21. The start codon marks the site at which translation into protein sequence begins and the stop codon marks the site at which translation ends. AUG is the start codon and codes for amino acid methionine. The three stop codons are UAA, UAG and UGA.  

24. Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.  

26. When the code in a gene is changed, a different message may result. Any change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA any mistake in the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA or pairing of the codon and anticodon may cause changes in the kind, sequence and number of amino acids of proteins synthesized by cells.  

27. Find me! Determine the amino acid sequence involve in the protein synthesis process by using codon chart. Encircle the start codon and box the stop codon.   DNA CTA TTA GGA TAC TAG AGC GAA TAG AAA CTT ACT mRNA Protein  

28. Genetic code refers to the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein. Each genes’ code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA.  

31. SOURCES OF MUTATION  

32. A genetic mutation is a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different. Your DNA sequence give your cells the information they need to perform their functions. If part of your DNA sequence is in the wrong place, isn’t complete or is damage you might experience symptoms of genetic condition.  

33. Activity 5 Direction: Give some ways on how to protect your genes from mutation. Present your output by group creatively. Group 1 Jingle Group 2 Flyers Group 3 Slogan Group 4 Poster          

34. RUBRICS CREATIVITY ----------------- 40% CONTENT ---------------------- 30% PRESENTATION --------------- 30% __________     100%      

35. ASSESSMENT Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. How many nucleotides make up a codon? A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 15 2. What are the steps in finding the amino acids coded for in a DNA sequence? Break the sequence up into codons, then find the codons in the genetic code table . B. Break the sequence up into codons, transcribe the RNA to DNA, find the codons in the genetic code table. C. Transcribe the DNA to RNA, break the new sequence up into codons, find the codons in the genetic code table. D. Find the codons in the genetic code table, transcribe the amino acids from DNA to RNA, break the new sequence into codons.          

36. 3. Which of these is a base ONLY in RNA? A. Adenine B. Cytosine C. Guanine D. Uracil        

37. 4. The anticodon on one tRNA which carries histidine to the site of protein synthesis is CAU. What was the corresponding set of bases in the gene of the DNA molecule which specified placement of histidine at that location? A. AAA B. GTA C. GAU D. CAT          

38. 5. Which of the following cannot cause mutations? A. radiation from the sun B. transcription errors by RNA polymerase C. chemical mutagens found in the environment. D. products produced by cells involved in chronic inflammation.