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1. The growth and development of Barangay Ned in the Past 20 Years Amar, Sunny E. Researcher

2. PART 1 . INTRODUCTION 1.1 . RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1.1.1 . Importance of the Study Over 2000 years have gone by, the rapid transformation of the world since antiquity should not hide the basic reality that all we do, all that we think, indeed all that we are, is the cumulative result of past experiences. The reason for studying history is that, a society’s identity is the product of the many individuals, forces, and events that constitute that society’s past. Our sense of personal and social identity is the direct outgrowth of our history, and to study that history is to discover a means to access to ourselves. History is a vital for understanding the issues and problems that presently confront the world . History also provides us the opportunity to study the forces that are responsible for the rise and declines of powers. The relevance of history is not confined to a specific set of preoccupations. we cannot live without history because without historical perspective we are in danger of falling into the prideful, naïve notion that the problems we face and the solutions we propose are unprecedented and bear no relationship to human problems of the past.

3. 1.1.2. Historical Method and Design In the words of Allan Nevins, “history may be defined as an integrated narrative or description of past events or facts, written in a spirit of critical inquiry for the whole truth”. History differs in method from the natural observations. Instead of the direct observations used in science usually must depend on the observations of others. Therefore, the historical method involves “a procedure supplementary to observations, a process by which the historian seeks to tests the truthfulness of the reports of observations made by others. According to the University of Southern California Libraries (2016) the purpose of a historical research design is to collect verify and synthesize evidence from the past and establish facts that defend or refute hypothesis. It uses secondary sources and a variety of primary documentary evidence, such as, diaries, official records, reports, archives, and non-textual information. The limitation is that both authentic and valid. Historical method being a scientific one, a historical researcher has to pass through stages similar to those of an experimental research worker, such as stating and delimiting the problem, and selecting the sources.

4. 1.1.3. Techniques and Procedures needed to be Observe in Processing, Analyzing and, implicating the Study Result According to Seema Singh , sampling helps a lot in research. It is one of the most important factors which determines the accuracy of your research or survey result. If anything goes wrong with your sample then it will be directly reflected in the final result. There are lot of techniques which help us to gather sample depending upon the need and situation. Stratified sampling is the technique divides the elements of the population into small subgroups (strata) based on the similarity in such a way that the elements within the group are homogeneous and the other subgroups formed. And the elements are randomly selected from each of these strata. We need to have prior information about the populations to create subgroups. Since most historical studies are largely qualitative in nature, the search for sources of data, evaluating, analyzing, synthesizing, and summarizing information and interpreting the findings may not be always be discreet, separate, sequential steps; the sequence of step in historical research is flexible.

5. 1.1.4. Other Related Facts and Findings Revealed and Reported by other Researchers or Historians Similar to the Expected Results and Findings of the Study Conducted   According to Marie Spilackova in her journal “Historical research in social work”, “Findings ascertained by historical research can confirm, refute or enrich information from secondary sources. And this can be springboard for further studies and scientific work. History of social work is a source of experience and knowledge which enable the present generation to get to know historical successes or to understand occurring problems. At the same time, based on published findings from the past, we can avoid mistakes at present, as history repeat itself”. 1.1.5. Other Related Facts and Findings Revealed and Reported by other Researchers or Historians Similar to the Expected Results and Findings of the Study Conducted According to Peter J. Buckley in his article “Historical Research Approaches to the Analysis of Internationalism”, “Historical research methods can help international business researchers to be more questioning, analytical, and critical and to think laterally in terms of alternative states of the world, different choices and outcomes . The careful integration of historical research methods in international business provides us with one channel of progress towards a more complete understanding of the phenomena of international business. A quote from Kogut (2009), “It is one of the best kept secret of research that a methodological contribution is the most powerful engine for the replication and diffusion of an idea”.

6. 1.2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 To determine the growth and development of Barangay Ned, in the Municipality of Lake Sebu , in the province of South Cotabato , Philippines in terms of: a. The present socio economic condition b. Household income c. Means of livelihood d. Household subsistence cost e. Environmental Condition(number of trees present; grass covered in M 2 ;number of rivers flowing channel the past 5, 10 and 15 years f. Human population growth in past 5, 10 and 15 years.   1.2.2 To measure the growth and development of Barangay Ned, in the Municipality of Lake Sebu , in the province of South Cotabato , Philippines in terms of: a. The present socio economic condition b. Household income c. Means of livelihood d. Household subsistence cost e. Environmental Condition(number of trees present; grass covered in M 2 ;number of rivers flowing channel the past 5, 10 and 15 years f. Human population growth in past 5, 10 and 15 years. 1.2.3 To present the historical facts and findings of Barangay Ned, in the Municipality of Lake Sebu , in the province of South Cotabato , Philippines in the following areas: a. Annual economic condition growth and development through the present and the past 5, 10, and 15 years. b. Environmental condition in the present and in the past 5, 10, and 15 years. c. Human population growth in the present and in the past 5, 10, and 15 years compared to the present population.

7. Past 5 Years Past 10 Years Past 15 Years Pasts Barangay Profile Human Present Barangay profile Environmental condition Economics 1.3. Research Framework

8. PART 11 METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the overall methodology of the Research Method, Locale, Respondents, Population Size, and Sample Size. 2.1 Research Method One of the goals of science is to description and other goals include prediction and explanation descriptive research method are pretty much sound, it describe situations or events. It do not make accurate predictions, and they do not determine cause and effect. 2.2. Research Locale The study was conducted at Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato . A picture of the Barangay Hall showing the local of the study is shown in figure 2.

9. 2.3. Research Respondent The main respondents of the study were the Punong Barangay (Local Chief Executive of the Barangay) and the Barangay officials. Residents of this Barangay who are lived and actually know the information and historical event of this barangay in the past 15 years or more was chosen as my respondents. Since Barangay Ned is composed of 51 Sitios , and these are divided into 2 districts: the 27 sitios of Ned 1 and the 24 sitios of Ned 2. The respondents must be substantial and knowledgeable enough about the historical event and the growth and development of the Barangay Ned. 2.4. Population Size : According to the latest survey there are 28,490 of the overall population of Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato . These potential respondents are randomly surveyed using the stratified random sampling and serve as sources for the important data that we need to be gather as the basis for the aim of this study.

10. 2.5. Sample Size: The idealized respondents of this study is the 395 residents out of the 24,490 latest survey population of Baranagy Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato as the result of the slovin calculation. These samples are chosen if they are already there in this Barangay for more than 15 years. Using slovin formula with 5% margin of error, we can defined how precise and accurate the data we gathered from our particular respondents. 2.6. Sampling Technique In sampling technique we will utilize Stratified Random Sampling. Stratified random sampling is a method of samplings that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata. In Stratified Random Sampling, or stratification, the strata are formed based on members shared attributes or characteristics. In order to save time and money, an analyst may take on a more feasible approach by selecting a small group from the population. The small group used is referred to as a sample size, which is a subset of the population that is used to represent the population. A Stratified Random Sampling involves dividing the entire population into homogeneous groups which are called strata. Stratified Random Sampling ensures that each subgroups of a given population is adequately represented of a research study.

11. Data undertaken procedure would be undertaken as follows : Coordinate to Municipal Mayor Coordinate to Barangay Chairman Coordinate to every Purok President Gather the Barangay Resident according to their group category. Category No. 1. 15 years and above resident in the barangay Category No. 2. 10 years to 14 years resident in barangay Category No. 3. 5 years to 9 years resident in the barangay Conduct a one on one interview to the resident by category in a focused group discussion setting. 6. Fill up each survey questionnaire while listening to the testimony of the resident.   2.7. Data Processing Technique To determined the growth and development of Brgy . Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato , the questions are showned in the table which in line to the research objectives. We are utilized Dummy Table in filling-in the data gathered from the respondents using the Mean and the Grand Mean of the data value. The Dummy Table suggested as the research data gathering instrument (but can be modified if necessary).  

12. 2.8. Statistical Analysis Compute only the Mean and the Grand Mean of every study variables as basis for analysis and subsequent interpretation. The grand mean will determine the growth and development of the Barangay Ned in terms of human population, environmental condition, and the socioeconomic condition in the present and in the past 5,10 and 15 years. 2.9 Interpretation and Analysis of Data These are the data of the facts and findings we gathered from our chosen respondents of the Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato : The Human Populations Growth of Barangay Ned in the present and in the past 5,10, and 15 years is shown in the Table 1.A. Human Population   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 28,490 6,450 29.27% 5.85% Past 5 Years 22,040 4,110 22.92% 4.59% Past 10 Years 17,930 4,638 34.89% 6.98% Past 15 Years 13,292      

13. The Environmental Condition of the Barangay Ned in the present and the past 5, 10, and 15 years in terms of Number of Trees (shown in Table 2.A), Grass Cover M2 (shown in Table 2.B), and River Flowing Channel (shown in Table 2.C). Table 2.A No. of Trees   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 732,000 -268,500 -26.84% -5.37% Past 5 Years 1,000,500 -286,500 -22.26% -4.45% Past 10 Years 1,287,000 -357.700 -21.75% -4.35% Past 15 Years 1,644,700      

14. Table 2. B Table 2.C Grass Cover M2   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 17,850,000 -2,264,725 -11.26% -2.25% Past 5 Years 20,114,725 -1,373,980 -6.39% -1.28% Past 10 Years 21,488,705 -783,432 -3.52% -0.70% Past 15 Years 22,272,137       River Flowing Channel   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 62 -5 -7.465% -1.49% Past 5 Years 67 -4 -5.635 -1.13% Past 10 Years 71 -6 -7.79% -1.56% Past 15 Years 77      

15. Table 3.A Household Income   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 7,292,000 1,088,000 17.54% 3.51% Past 5 Years 6,204,000 1,161,000 23.03% 4.60% Past 10 Years 5,043,000 1,538,000 43.88% 8.78% Past 15 Years 3,505,000       Household Subsistence Costs   Grand Mean Displacement Percent Rate (5 years) Percent Rate (annually) Present 6,038,000 783,000 14.90% 2.98% Past 5 Years 5,255,000 1,411,000 37.78% 7.56% Past 10 Years 3,814,000 942,000 32.80% 6.56% Past 15 Years 2,872,000       The annual ecomic condition growth and development of the Barangay Ned in the present and in the past 5,10, and 15 years in terms of household income and household subsistence costs (shown in table 3.A),and means of livelihood (shown in table 3.B).

16. Table 3.B Means of Livelihood   Employment Business Farming Laborer   Number of Employment Percent Growth Rate Number of Business Percent Growth Rate Number of Farming Percent Growth Rate Number of Labor Percent Growth Rate Present 7 3.33% 10 -4.62% 34 1.25% 0% Past 5 Years 6 4.0% 13 32.0% 32 -4.0% -20% Past 10 Years 5 13.33% 5 13.33% 40 0% 3 11.43% Past 15 Years 3   3   40   7   Table of Percent Growth Rate for the Means of Livelihood in the present and in the past 5, 10, and 15 years: Means of Livelihood   Employment Business Farming Laborer   Number of Employment Percent Rate Number of Business Percent Rate Number of Farming Percent Rate Number of Laborer Percent Rate Present 7 13.73% 10 19.61% 34 66.67% 0% Past 5 Years 6 11.77% 13 25.49% 32 62.75% 0% Past 10 Years 5 9.80% 5 9.80% 40 78.43% 3 5.88% Past 15 Years 3 5.88% 3 5.88% 40 78.43% 7 13.73% Table of percent rate between the means of livelihood out of 51 total grand mean of respondents:

17. Part III. Summary and Finding The positive growth rate of human population in the present and in the past 5,10 and 15 years denotes an increasing population of this Barangay. There are some factors why the population increases; first is the further establishment of transportation roads that allow the progress of business and wide migration of new citizens in this area and good crop production like corn, peanut and rice because of easy access of the residents to deliver their products and to buy goods in Urban cities specifically in the City of Isulan , Sultan Kudarat in contrast to the past 20 years. Second, the good peace and order of this Barangay give an opportunity to other people to migrate there and become a permanent citizen of this Barangay. And third, the vast areas of this Barangay is very suitable for farming that allow other people in other places to buy and being their new land for living.

18. Part III. Summary and Finding If developments have an advantage, it also had disadvantages in Environmental Condition of this Baranagy . The growing population has big necessity therefore it may result to the negative growth rate of number of trees since most houses in this area are commonly made of woods, the decrease number of trees are sometimes not good to the environment because it is an indication of arising climate change and unhealthy environment. It also affect to decreasing of areas covered of grasses were it implicate that the areas was being cultivated for farming and the introduction of new way of farming is affecting to the fertility of the soil and degrading biodiversity. The decreasing river flowing channel may have two reasons natural and artificial. Artificial river flowing in the sense that it was constructed for irrigation system. Today, the economic conditions of this baranagy are stable and growing simultaneously due to the large crop production and access for transportation road. And many young men and women from this Barangay strive for education in Urban Cities in order to promote the educational attainment of people. And the products from this Barangay are prioritized for employment. Obviously, the means of livelihood in this Baranagay is actually farming.  

19. Part IV. Conclusion Therefore, I conclude that this Barangay has rich historical record that is not actually sought in past years. Now, we realize that the growth and development of this barangay may determine through having credible facts and findings. Based on the result of this study the best indicator of growth of this Barangay was the positive growth rate of human population and a large crop production. The developmental factor there is that this Barangay are established progression in terms of facilities like schools, roads, and even health centers. Although we saw the growth and development as a good indication of progress, somehow we forgot to remember what would be the environmental conditions of this Barangay in past decades. As a resident of this Barangay I saw that there have changes economically which is growing and developing but degrading environment. If we consider the principles of sustainable development, it is a kind of development without exploiting environment. We achieve development but it is not the type of development that can sustain our needs in the future. My concern to this issue is that the Barangay Officials will initiate their people through educating them to care for the environment. This is very essential advocacy not only achieving our goals for growth and development as whole progress but of course advocating sustainable development.

20. Part V. Recommendation: As a Filipino student, being a young men and women of this country it is my honor and privilege to present my research output about the historical facts and findings of the growth and development of my birthplace Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu , South Cotabato in terms of annual economic condition, environmental condition, and human population growth in the present and in the past 5, 10, and 15 years. If we try to find ourselves in the future we must also try to recall the past events as part of today’s development. To the next researchers who further try to know and investigate the issue or problem to acquire information about Barangay Ned that is important but not included in this study I wish that this facts and findings presented in my study will help you as guide to determine such vital information. Our goal is to present valid written information that described the development of this Barangay, therefore the next generations are guided of the historical facts and findings of Barangay Ned. In addition, to the some researcher who read this research output I wish you are aspired also to study about your birthplace or your Barangay so that this information will be publish that may be best sources of facts and findings that will present the history of our country.

21. Bibliography: Ariola , M. (2006). Principles and Methods of Research. Rex book store, Inc. Ryan T. (2013). Sample Size Determination and Power. John Wiley and Sons. Yamane, Taro. (1967)). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, Second Edition, New York: Harper and Row. Census of Population (2015). Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016. Ackoff , Russell L. (1961). The Design of Social Research, University of Chicago Press: Chicago. Garaghan , G. J. (1946). A Guide To Historical Research, Fordham University Press: New York. Gottschalk, L. (1951). Understanding History, Alfred A. Knopf: New York. Auberbach , C. F. and Silverstein, L. B. Qualitative Data: AN Introduction to Coding Nand Analysis. New York University Press. 2003. Cresswell , J. W. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. Sage Publications, Inc.1998.

22. Appendices:

23. The End Thank You For Listening……..