PPT on Child Labour (By Saurabh Sharma)

This presentation provides an in-depth exploration of child labor, a critical issue affecting millions of children worldwide. It begins with a clear definition of child labor, explaining the harmful effects it has on children's education, health, and overall development. The presentation then delves into the causes of child labor, highlighting factors like extreme poverty, lack of access to education, and societal pressures in many parts of the world.

A section on the types of child labor sheds light on the various sectors where children are exploited, such as agriculture, mining, and informal urban work. The effects of child labor are discussed, showing the long-term physical, mental, and emotional damage it causes to children. Additionally, global statistics and data from organizations like the International Labour Organization (ILO) offer a snapshot of the current state of child labor, helping to quantify its global scale.

The presentation concludes by covering international laws and initiatives aimed at combating child labor, such as the ILO conventions, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and efforts by governments and NGOs to enforce stricter regulations and provide alternatives for affected children. Through this, the presentation emphasizes the importance of global cooperation and grassroots efforts to eliminate child labor and protect the rights of children.

1. CHILD
LABOUR

2. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA
•BASIC REASONS FOR CHILD LABOUR
•CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR
•CHILD LABOUR IN STATISTICS
•CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA (LEGAL)
•CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Child Labour is a practice of having children engage in economic
activities, on part or full-time basis. The practice deprive children
of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental
development. Poverty, lack of good schools and informal economy
are considered as a important causes of child labour in India.

4. POVERTY AND HAZARDOUS CHILD
LABOUR: A VICIOUS CIRCLE
Unsafe home
environment
Unhealthy working
environment
Disease
Injury
Working
child
Unhealthy
breadwinner
Lack of
education
Poor
family
Differential
consequences
Differential Vulnerability
Differential exposure
Social stratification

5. CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA
According to the Census 2001 figures there are 1.26 croreworking children in the
age group of 5-14 as compared to the total child population of 25.2 crore. There
are approximately 12 lacschildren working in the hazardous
occupations/processes which are covered under the Child Labour (Prohabitionand
Regulation) Act i.e. 18 occupations and 65 processes. However, As per survey
conducted by National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 2004-05, The no. of
working children is estimated at 90.75Lakh. It shows the effect of the Government
have borne the desired fruits.

6. CAUSES
❑Primary Causes
❑Cultural Causes
❑Macroeconomic Causes

7. PRIMARY CAUSES
International Labour Organization (ILO) suggests poverty is the greatest
single cause behind child labour. For impoverished households, income
from a child's work is usually crucial for his or her own survival or for
that of the household. Income from working children, even if small, may
be between 25 to 40% of these household income. Other scholars such
as Harschon African child labour have reached the same conclusion.

8. CULTURAL CAUSES
In European history when child labour was common, as well as in
contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs
have rationalized child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view
that work is good for the character-building and skill development of
children. In many cultures, particularly where informal economy and
small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that children
follow in their parents footsteps; child labour then is a means to learn
and practice that trade from a very early age. Girls pushed into child
labour such as providing domestic services.

9. MACROECONOMIC CAUSES
Biggeriand Mehrotrahave studied the macroeconomic factors that encourage child labour.
They focus their study on five Asian nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand
and Philippines. They suggest that child labour is a serious problem in all five, but it is not a
new problem. Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world
over most of human history. They suggest that the causes of child labour include both the
demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools explain the
child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low paying informal economy
rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the causes of the demand side.
Others scholars too suggest that inflexible labour market, size of informal economy,
inability of industries to scale up and lack of modern manufacturing technology are major
macroeconomic factors affecting demand and acceptability of child labour.

11. CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR
The presence of a large number of child laborers is regarded as a serious issue in
terms of economic welfare. Children who work fail to get necessary education. They
do not get the opportunity to develop physically, intellectually, emotionally and
psychologically. In terms of the physical condition of children, children are not
ready for long monotouswork because they became exhausted more quickly than
adults. This reduces their physical conditions and makes the children more vulnerable
to disease. Children in hazardous working condition are even in worse condition.
Children who work, instead of going to school, will remain illiterate which limits their
ability to contribute to their own well being as well as to community they live in.
Child labour has long term adverse effects for India.

12. CHILD LABOUR IN STATISTICS

13. CHILD LABOUR LAWS & INITIATIVES
After its independence from colonial rule, India has passed a number of
constitutional protections and Laws on child labour. The Constitution of
India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive of State policy
prohibits child labour below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine
or castle or engaged in any other hazardous employment (Article 24) .
The constitution also envisioned that India shall, by 1960, provide
infrastructure and resources for free and compulsory education to all
children of the age 6-14 years. (Article 21-A and Article 45).

14. THE MAJOR NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
➢The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14
years in any factory. The law also placed rules on who, when and how long can pre-adults aged
15-18 years be employed in any factory.
➢The Mines Act of 1952: The Act prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a
mine.
➢The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986: The Act prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations identified in a list by the law. The list
was expanded in 2006, and again in 2008.
➢The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009: The law mandates free
and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years. This legislation also mandated that
25 percent of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from disadvantages
groups and physically challenged children.

15. INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR
In 1979, the Indian government formed the GurupadswamyCommittee
to find about child labour and means to tackle it. The Child Labour
Prohibition and Regulation Act was not enacted based on the
recommendations of the committee in 1986. (citation needed) A
National Policy on Child Labour was formulated in 1987 to focus on
rehabilitating children working in hazardous occupations. (73) The
Minister of Labour and Employment had implemented around 100
industry-specific National Child Labour Projects to rehabilitates the child
workers since 1988.

17. NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Many NGOs like BachpanBachaoAndolan, CARE India, Child Rights and you,
Global march against child labour, RIDE India etc. have been working to eradicate
child labour in India.
Prathamis India's largest non-governmental organization with the mission ‘every
child in school and learning well.’ Founded in 1994, Prathamhas aimed to reduce
child labour and offer schooling to children irrespective of their gender, religion
and social background. It has grown by introducing low cost education models that
are sustainable and reproducible.
Child Labour has been a subject of public interest litigations in Indian courts.

19. CONCLUSION
The problem of child labour continues to pose a challenge before the nation.
Government has been taking various pro-active measures to tackle this problem.
However, considering the magnitude and extend of the problem and that is
essentially a socio-economic problem inextricably linked to poverty and illiteracy, it
requires concerted efforts from all society to make a dent in the problem.
The social evil of child labour can be brought under control, if each individual takes
responsibility of prevailing child labour. Each and every citizen should be aware of
their responsibilities and should take corrective measures to stop child labour, so
that we can have a better and developed India. Child labour can be controlled if
the government functions effectively with the support of the public.