PPT_Perform_basic_first_aid_proc_290812.pptx

first aid

1. PERFORM BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES Unit Code: D1.HRS.CL1.12 D1.HOT.CL1.12 D2.TCC.CL1.15 Slide 1

2. Perform basic first aid procedures This unit comprises three Elements: 1. Assess the situation 2. Apply basic first aid techniques 3. Communicate details of the incident. Slide 2

3. Assessment Assessment for this unit may include: Oral questions Written questions Work projects Workplace observation of practical skills Practical exercises Formal report from employer/supervisor. Slide 3

4. Assess the situation Performance Criteria for this Element are: Identify physical hazards to own & others’ health and safety Minimise immediate risk to self & health and safety of the casualty by controlling hazard/s in accordance with accepted practice Assess casualty’s vital signs & physical condition in accordance with accepted practice . Slide 4

5. Identify physical hazards First aid can be defined as: Any care given to an injured or ill person (called a 'casualty') before professional medical assistance (ambulance, paramedics, nurse, or doctor) arrives on the scene to take control of the situation . Slide 5

6. Identify physical hazards When providing first aid always: Protect yourself and others at all times against injury or harm Casualty must be protected against further harm or injury Arrange for professional help to be called Wear protective gloves. Slide 6

7. Identify physical hazards Assess all first aid situations to identify hazards to self & others: Workplace and incident-specific hazards Hazards sometimes associated with casualty management Bodily fluids – always wear protective gloves Risk of further injury to the casualty. Slide 7

8. Identify physical hazards Ways to identify hazards : Use common sense Use your sense of sight Use your sense of hearing Use your sense of touch Use your sense of smell. Slide 8

9. Minimise immediate risk Take action to address identified risk Do not move casualty unless they are in immediate danger of more harm Ask bystanders to move to safety, if necessary Call fire brigade if there is fire, smoke or escaping gas Contact electricity supply company if there is hazard from electricity. Get a staff member to turn power off. Slide 9

10. Minimise immediate risk What might you do If there is a fire near the casualty? If the casualty’s situation is being made worse by rain or sunshine? If gas is leaking from a damaged appliance? If unstable items are nearby and posing a risk of falling on the casualty? If the casualty is in a position where they are likely to be run over by vehicles? Slide 10

11. Minimise immediate risk Always protect the neck when moving casualty: Keep the casualty still Kneel behind the head and place your hands on either side to support it Put rolled up towels, blankets, or clothing on each side of the casualty’s head to keep it from moving. Slide 11

12. Minimise immediate risk Be prepared to ask others for help: Other staff Members of the public Passers by & bystanders Customers/guests Management Friends and/or family of the casualty. Slide 12

13. Minimize immediate risk The ‘Fireman’s Carry’ should be used to move unconscious people or casualties who are unable to walk DO NOT USE the Fireman’s Carry if the casualty has an injured: Arm Ribs Leg Back. Slide 13

14. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty DRABC is an acronym to describe the procedures used by first aiders when providing first aid : D for Danger – Assess the situation R for Response – Check consciousness, check on vital signs A for Airway – Open airway B for Breathing – Check respiration rates C for Circulation – Give chest compressions. Slide 14

15. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘D’ stands for ‘Danger’. ‘D’ means you must: Assess the situation Check for danger. Slide 15

16. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘R’ = ‘Response’ from the casualty: Try to get a response from the casualty – do not shake them Get a history Identify how the casualty feels Check the physical condition of the casualty Be alert to possibility of shock. Slide 16

17. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘A’ = ‘Airway’: Check airway is free of obstructions If casualty is not breathing, open airway Remove visible obstructions from mouth & nose Obstructions prevent breathing impede provision of rescue breathing. Slide 17

18. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘B’ = ‘Breathing: Check breathing by looking, listening & feeling for breathing for up to 10 seconds If casualty is not breathing, administer rescue breathing/mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/EAR If casualty is breathing then monitor them. Slide 18

19. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty One ‘vital sign’ is respiration rate: Watch chest/stomach rise & fall for 15 seconds counting how many times the chest/stomach rises Multiply figure by four Record findings . Slide 19

20. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty Respiration rates: Normal range in an adult when resting is 12 to 20 respirations per minute Below 12 respirations per minute is ‘slow’ Above 20 respirations per minute is ‘rapid’ Slower than 12 – or faster than 20 respirations per minute – may indicate a problem affecting the casualty's ability to get oxygen. Slide 20

21. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘C’ = check ‘Circulation’: This will indicate if heart is beating No pulse = no heartbeat & no circulation If you cannot detect a pulse, begin chest compressions If casualty is not breathing and there is no pulse, administer CPR. Slide 21

22. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty ‘Pulse rate’ vital sign: Normal adult pulse rate at rest is 60 to 80 beats per minute – average is 72 beats per minute A resting pulse rate of more than 80 beats per minute is higher than normal Causes of high pulse rate can be shock, bleeding, heat, dehydration, fever, pain or exercise. Slide 22

23. Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty Try to obtain history, signs & symptoms from the casualty to help make a more informed diagnosis – this will better indicate the first aid needing to be given. While waiting for professional help to arrive: Provide whatever first aid is needed Monitor the casualty & record observations Reassure them everything is OK and they will be fine. Slide 23

24. Summary – Element 1 When assessing the situation when providing basic first aid to casualties : Protect yourself and others against injury Protect the casualty against further injury Look for physical & other hazards when you arrive on scene Take action to guard against identified hazards (Continued) Slide 24

25. Summary – Element 1 Never simply rush in and start providing first aid – assess the situation first: every time Never move a casualty until they have been assessed unless there is a risk of further or worse injury to them Be prepared to ask bystander and others for help Call emergency services immediately (Continued) Slide 25

26. Summary – Element 1 Implement DRABC Check if casualty is conscious or not Check to determine if the casualty is breathing or not Check to determine if the casualty has a pulse or not Apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, cardiac compressions or CPR as required (Continued) Slide 26

27. Summary – Element 1 Observe vital signs & physical condition of casualty & record observations Maintain ongoing monitoring of casualty when providing first aid. Slide 27

28. Apply basic first aid techniques Performance Criteria for this Element are: Provide first aid management in accordance with established first aid procedures and available resources and equipment Monitor casualty’s condition and respond to the casualty’s condition in accordance with accepted first aid principles and enterprise guidelines (Continued) Slide 28

29. Apply basic first aid techniques Seek first aid assistance from others in a timely manner as appropriate Record accidents and injuries in accordance with enterprise procedures . Slide 29

30. Provide first aid management Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/EAR: Should be given when diagnosis reveals the patient is not breathing If the casualty is breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is not required – manage bleeding & other injuries Place breathing casualty into ‘Recovery Position’. Slide 30

31. Provide first aid management To place breathing casualty into Recovery Position: Kneel beside casualty Place furthest arm at right angles to the body Place nearest arm across chest Lift nearest leg at knee so it is fully bent Roll patient away & on to the side while supporting head/neck & keeping the leg at right angles . Slide 31

32. Provide first aid management CPR (Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation): Is necessary when casualty has no pulse and is not breathing Ensure professional help has been called for 30 compressions (at rate of 100/minute), then 2 breaths CPR may be provided by two people – one gives compressions; the other gives breaths. Slide 32

33. Provide first aid management Managing bleeding: ‘Bleeding’ is loss of blood Wear disposable gloves when treating bleeding Apply bandage to clean wounds If object is stuck in the wound stabilise it; do not press on it or try to move or remove it. Slide 33

34. Provide first aid management Responding to a casualty with clothes on fire: Cover with fire blanket Roll on ground until flames go out OR Tell casualty to drop and roll to put flames out. Slide 34

35. Provide first aid management Treatment of burns: Place burn under cold running water for 10 minutes Cut/lift away clothing covering the burned area Leave clothing that sticks to burned area Remove jewellery from burned limb Apply a sterile dressing Raise the limb to reduce swelling (Continued) Slide 35

36. Provide first aid management If burned area is large, use cleanest material available to cover the burned area Do not clean burned area before applying dressing Do not apply ointments or medications Do not break any blisters Be alert to shock setting in. Slide 36

37. Provide first aid management Electrocution: Do not touch electrical wire or casualty Find electricity source & turn it off If you cannot turn off electricity: Protect self by standing on dry & non-conductive item Push casualty away, or push source of the electricity away from the casualty, with non-conductive pole Check breathing Find and dress entry & exit burn wound. Slide 37

38. Provide first aid management Snakebite: Apply firm crepe or elastic bandage over bite, then rest of limb Stop arm or leg from moving Do not allow the casualty to move Monitor breathing Watch for shock. Slide 38

39. Provide first aid management Animal bites: Clean the bite thoroughly with soap or antiseptic Wash the bite with water Cover the bite with a sterile dressing Immobilise injured arm or leg Take casualty immediately to a medical facility. Slide 39

40. Provide first aid management Insect bites/stings: Remove any stingers Wash bite or sting site Apply ice or cold compresses Treat serious reactions the same as snakebite Monitor breathing Be alert to allergic reaction Look for MEDIC ALERT tag or emergency insect bite treatment kits on the casualty. Slide 40

41. Provide first aid management Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock: Summon professional medical help Search for rescue medication - EpiPen ® Inject into outer thigh Do not inject intravenously Do not inject into buttock Prepare to administer CPR. Slide 41

42. Provide first aid management Choking: Use heel of hand to give up to five blows between the shoulder blades Check casualty’s mouth quickly after each blow & remove anything there Give up to five abdominal thrusts if casualty is still choking Check mouth after each abdominal thrust. Slide 42

43. Provide first aid management Treating fractures: Remove jewellery on injured limb Dress open wounds or burns before applying splint or sling Cover exposed bone with a dressing Do not try to push bone back under skin Do not try to straighten or ’put together’ injured limb Place the fractured arm in a sling or splint. Slide 43

44. Provide first aid management Placing a sling on a fractured arm: Place sling under injured arm so it is centered, base of sling is beyond the elbow and top corner is over the shoulder of the injured side Position forearm with the hand slightly raised Bring lower portion of material over injured arm and over shoulder of the uninjured side Tie the two corners in a knot on the side of the neck on the uninjured side Twist pointed end of sling and tuck it in at elbow. Slide 44

45. Provide first aid management Applying a splint: Place one splint on each side of the arm or leg Aim is to immobilise joints above and below the fracture Secure splint above and below fracture site with little movement to the injured areas Use chest wall to immobilise a fractured arm Use good leg to immobilise the fractured leg if nothing is available. Slide 45

46. Provide first aid management Treating sprains: Use RICE R = Raise the limb I = Ice the area C = Compress the area E = Elevate the injury. Slide 46

47. Provide first aid management Managing possible head or spinal injuries: Do not move casualty Obtain medical help immediately Keep casualty still – tell them not to move Support head & neck Use rolled up towels/blankets to keep head still Cover to keep warm. Slide 47

48. Provide first aid management Signs of shock: Sweaty but cool skin, pale color, or bluish skin around the mouth Shallow, fast breathing Rapid pulse that becomes weaker. Slide 48

49. Provide first aid management As shock progresses casualty may: Display signs of anxiety Have unusual thirst Yawn and sigh Become nauseous. Slide 49

50. Provide first aid management Treat shock by: Calling an ambulance Treating major wounds or stop heavy bleeding Positioning casualty on their back with blanket Keeping the casualty calm Reassuring them (Continued) Slide 50

51. Provide first aid management Splinting fractured legs before elevating them Raising legs so feet are slightly higher than heart Not elevating legs if you think casualty has broken back Placing casualties in Recovery Position Loosening tight clothing, including boots Preventing casualty from being too warm or cold. Slide 51

52. Monitor casualty’s condition Things to note or monitor: Pulse and respiration Colour of skin Mention of pain Requests How long casualty was unconscious Comments made relating to cause of the injury. Slide 52

53. Monitor casualty’s condition When monitoring casualty: Reassure them Ensure professional medical help is on way Do not allow smoking Do not give or allow them alcohol (Continued) Slide 53

54. Monitor casualty’s condition Do not give food Avoid giving liquids Keep crowds and onlookers away Keep them still Protect them from natural elements. Slide 54

55. Seek assistance from others Ask for help from: Other staff Members of the public Bystanders and onlookers Friends and family members of casualty. Slide 55

56. Seek assistance from others When seeking help from others: Do not be afraid of asking for help Most people will help if asked Get them to confirm professional help has been called for If one person refuses, ask someone else. Slide 56

57. Seek assistance from others People may be asked to: Give information about causes of injury Provide directions to emergency services Contact friends or relatives of the casualty Help carry or move the casualty (Continued) Slide 57

58. Seek assistance from others Help protect casualty Communicate with emergency services Record verbal information you give them Obtain first aid requisites for you. Slide 58

59. Seek assistance from others When seeking assistance: Do so quickly Ask questions Thank them Give them something to do. Slide 59

60. Record accidents and injuries After an incident there may be a need to complete: An Incident Report An Injury Register. Slide 60

61. Record accidents and injuries Enterprise procedures and requirements: Must be a written report Must be completed as soon as possible Must be in an approved form Must record names of those involved (Continued) Slide 61

62. Record accidents and injuries Must record date and time Must identify location of event or incident Must describe action taken Must identify causal factors, if known Report must be forwarded as directed. Slide 62

63. Summary – Element 2 When applying basic first aid procedures : Follow DRABC Ensure professional medical assistance has been summoned Apply rescue breathing if casualty is not breathing Place conscious casualties into the Recovery Position Apply CPR where there is no pulse (Continued) Slide 63

64. Summary – Element 2 Wear disposable gloves Run burns under cold water Remove jewellery if possible Do not break burn blisters Check to determine if casualty has MEDIC ALERT tag Dress burns or wounds before applying splints Do not try to straighten broken limbs (Continued) Slide 64

65. Summary – Element 2 Use RICE procedures to treat sprains Do not move a casualty with suspected neck or spinal injuries Take & record the vital signs & physical condition of the casualty Be prepared to ask others for help Complete internal records as required. Slide 65

66. Communicate details of the incident Performance Criteria for this Element are: Request appropriate medical assistance using the most relevant & appropriate communication mechanism Convey details of casualty’s condition & first-aid management activities accurately to emergency services or relieving personnel Prepare reports to supervisors in a timely manner, presenting all relevant facts according to enterprise guidelines. Slide 66

67. Request medical assistance The importance of obtaining professional medical help: You are not a professional medical provider Obtain professional help before rendering first aid Summoning professional help is ‘best practice’ because it is best for the casualty. Slide 67

68. Request medical assistance Professional medical help can be obtained by: Asking someone else to call for help Yelling out for help Flagging down a passing vehicle Activating a ‘Fire’ alarm. Always summon medical assistance. If you have to choose, delay rendering first aid until you have called for assistance. Slide 68

69. Request medical assistance Facilitate the arrival of emergency services or other help by: Opening gates Moving vehicles Asking others to signpost location of the casualty. Slide 69

70. Convey details of casualty When speaking with emergency services to summon help: Be guided by them Speak clearly and calmly Never hang up until directed to do so. Slide 70

71. Convey details of casualty Emergency operators will want details regarding: Exact location of the casualty Number, age and gender of casualties Type of injuries and symptoms Details of first aid already given Whether situation is life threatening If you need over the telephone assistance. Slide 71

72. Convey details of casualty When assistance arrives: Identify self Allow professionals to talk or ask the questions Provide accurate information about casualty and treatment Add any other relevant information Follow instructions given to you Provide local knowledge/information. Slide 72

73. Prepare reports When preparing a formal report: Refer to notes taken at the time Refer to previous records Ensure ‘facts’ are differentiated from ‘beliefs’ Identify causes and action to prevent recurrence Sign and date the report. Slide 73

74. Prepare reports Enterprise guidelines regarding reports: Complete as soon as possible Complete individually Complete in writing Forward to designated person by required time File for future reference. Slide 74

75. Summary – Element 3 When communicating details of a first aid incident : Ensure professional emergency services or medical authorities have been summoned to all events Allow telephone operators to ask for information as opposed to giving them details Use whatever local facilities or options exist to call for help (Continued) Slide 75

76. Summary – Element 3 Be proactive in seeking assistance Facilitate the arrival of emergency services Convey casualty vital signs and physical conditions to professionals on their arrival Complete detailed internal reports to describe the incident and help prevent a recurrence. Slide 76