PPT statistik ilmu lingkungan.pptx dipelajari

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1. Teknik Statistik Untuk Ilmu Lingkungan Nizar Ardhanianto NIM : 2450301120007

2. Outline Presentasi Bagian 1 merupakan pendahuluan Bagian 2 menyajikan konsep dasar dalam statistik , Bagian 3 menjelaskan penerapan alat statistik dalam EVS, Bagian 4 membahas berbagai ilustrasi mengenai topik tersebut , dan Bagian 5 merupakan kesimpulan .

3. Konsep Dasar Nama “ statistik ” tampaknya berasal dari kata Jerman “ Statistik ,” kata Italia “ statista ,” atau kata Latin “status,” yang semuanya berarti “negara politik ” atau “ keahlian negara”. Dalam arti jamak , artinya adalah “ kumpulan fakta numerik ” In its singular sense, it means “statistical methods for dealing with numerical data”.

4. Environmental science How does the natural world work? How does our environment affect us? How do we affect our environment? Goal: Developing solutions to environmental problems.

5. Tools To Study The Environment The nature of environmental science The scientific method and the scientific process Natural resources and their importance Culture and worldviews Environmental ethics Sustainability

6. Aplikasi Alat Statistik dalam EVS Dalam statistik, analisis data dibagi menjadi dua bagian : descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

7. Descriptive Statistics Statistik deskriptif merupakan tahap awal analisis data yang melibatkan eksplorasi , visualisasi , dan ringkasan data. Kita akan melihat definisi populasi dan sampel acak di bagian ini . Berbagai jenis data, yaitu kuantitatif atau kualitatif , diskrit atau kontinu , berguna untuk mempelajari fitur distribusi , pola , dan asosiasi data. Tabel frekuensi , diagram batang , diagram pai, histogram, dll ., menggambarkan distribusi , posisi , penyebaran , dan bentuk data secara efisien .

8. Central Tendency Setiap ukuran kecenderungan pusat disebut “rata-rata”

9. Dispersion Penyebaran pengamatan di sekitar nilai pusat disebut dispersi Quartile deviation Mean deviation Standard deviation Coefficient of variation

10. Skewness

11. Kurtosis Kurtosis mengukur tingkat kepuncak atau kerataan suatu kurva . Kurva normal disebut mesokurtik . Jika kurva lebih runcing daripada normal, disebut leptokurtik . Jika lebih datar daripada normal, disebut platikurtik .

12. Inferential Statistics Dalam statistik inferensial , konsep probabilitas penting untuk mempelajari ketidakpastian di lingkungan . Misalnya , apakah akan turun hujan atau tidak besok dapat disimpulkan dengan menggunakan probabilitas Beberapa uji statistik yang sering digunakan dalam ilmu atmosfer dan lingkungan adalah "uji Z", "uji T", "uji F", dll . Pendekatan statistik lainnya adalah analisis deret waktu , yang mempelajari kuantitas lingkungan terhadap waktu . Misalnya , bulanan / tahun

13. Environmental Science: Multidisciplinary Science Environmental Science Ethics Histrory Sociology Archeology Geology Oceanography Atomospheric science Chemestry Biology Ecology Statistics Mathematics Political Science Anthropology Philosophy

14. Statistics? (Rough concept) “Statistics is a way to get information from data.” Statistics is a tool for creating an understanding from a set of numbers or text or… Statistics Data Facts, especially numerical facts, collected together for reference or information. Information Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact.

15. Statistics? (Rough concept) Statistics Data List of last term’s marks. 95, 89, 70, 65, 78, 57… Information Class average, Proportion of class receiving A’s Most frequent mark, Marks distribution, etc.

16. Population and Sample Population: A population is the collection or agregate of all elements or items of interest in a particular study about which we wish to make an inference. Sample: A sample is a collection of sampling units hopefully representative of the total population or universe that one desire to study.

17. Population and Sample

18. Parameter and Statistic Parameter: The unknown population characteristics is called parameter. Statistic: Function of sample observations is called statistic.

19. Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics are statistics that quantitatively describe or summarize the data. The aim of descriptive statistics is to summarize a sample , rather than use the data to learn about the population. Graphs, Measure of Central tendency, Measure of dispersion, frequency distribution…

20. Inferential Statistics

21. Inferential Statistics Is hypothesis true?? Million dollar question. Mean income Taka hypothetically Mean income 19500 taka Estimated

22. Experiments Manipulative experiments are strongest. Figure 1.10 Natural or correlational ones are often necessary.

23. Methods of Plotting Species Abundance Data Whittaker Plot k-Dominance Plot Abundance/Biomass Comparison Curve or ABC Curve

24. Species Abundance Models Statistical Models log series model In this model, Negative binomial model Zipf-Mandelbrot model Goodness of Fit Tests Biological or Theoretical Models Deterministic and stochastic models Geometric series Broken stick model Tokeshi’s models

25. Menyesuaikan Model Pembagian Niche dengan Data Empiris

26. Indeks Kekayaan Spesies

27. Pengukuran Keanekaragaman Parametrik log series α log normal λ The Q statistic

28. Pengukuran Keanekaragaman Non- Parametrik Shannon Index (H 0 ) The Shannon evenness measure (J 0 ) Heip’s index of evenness ( EHeip ) The Brillouin index (HB)

29. Test of hypothesis Parametric test : Any specification about one or more parameters. any sprcification about or or both. Non-parametric test : Any specification of population or sample of the population except the parameter. Randomness, distribuition etc  

30. Test of hypothesis Hypothesis: Any specification regarding a parameter or a population which is under investigation isknown as hypothesis. The hypothesis is of two types Null hypothesis Al ter native hypothesis

31. Test of hypothesis Critical region: The area constituted with the values of sample statistic due to which the null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true is called critical region. It is denoted by W.