عضلاتعوزايهدهمشمعناه تقديمي امراض المفاصل.pptx

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1. منال ســــــــــــــــــراع إلهام الهمــــــداني الآء جوبـــــــــــــــــــــح أمة العليم عبد الله دعاء الشاطــــــــــــــــر أمراض المفاصل إعداد وتنسيق : إشراف : د. ماجد قطران

2. Phase Two Phase One التهاب المفصل الإنتاني (Septic Arthritis) Definition – التعريف: - Bacterial infection (rarely viral or fungal) inside the joint. - Medical emergency due to rapid joint destruction. Causes & Risk Factors – الأسباب وعوامل الخطر: - Hematogenous spread (infection via blood). - Penetrating trauma. - Surgery and medical procedures. - Presence of prosthetic joints. Pathological Changes – التغيرات المرضية: - Bacterial invasion of the joint. - Acute synovial inflammation. - Rapid destruction of cartilage and bone. - Abscess formation in surrounding tissues.

3. Phase Two Phase One التهاب المفصل الإنتاني (Septic Arthritis) Symptoms & Clinical Signs – الأعراض والعلامات: - Severe joint pain .
- Swelling.
- Fever and chills .
- Inability to move the joint .
- General malaise and fatigue . Diagnostic Methods – طرق التشخيص: - X- ray : Initial evaluation .
- Ultrasound : Early detection .

4. Phase Two Phase One التهاب المفصل الإنتاني (Septic Arthritis) Radiological Findings – النتائج الإشعاعية: - Soft tissue swelling around the joint .
- Widened joint space due to effusion.
- Rapid destruction of cartilage and bone . Treatment Options – العلاج: - Drainage of infected joint fluid .
- Rest and immobilization of the joint .
- Physical therapy after .
- Surgery if needed .

5. Phase Two Phase One Ankylosing Spondylitis – التهاب الفقار الرثياني Definition – التعريف: - Chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease .
- Primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints .
- Leads to recurrent inflammation , pain , stiffness , and possible fusion ( ankylosis ) of vertebrae .
- Classified as an autoimmune disease . Causes & Risk Factors – الأسباب وعوامل الخطر: - Genetic predisposition : Strong link with HLA-B27 gene (>90%).
- Age & Gender : Common in young adults ( late teens to 40 years ).
- Environmental factors : Certain bacterial infections . Pathological Changes – التغيرات المرضية: - Enthesitis : Inflammation of tendon insertion sites .
- Sacroiliitis : Inflammation of sacroiliac joint ( hallmark ).
- Spondylitis : Vertebral inflammation .
- New bone formation ( ossification ) leading to vertebral fusion ( bamboo spine ).
- Advanced stages : kyphosis ( forward bending of the spine ).

6. Phase Two Phase One Ankylosing Spondylitis – التهاب الفقار الرثياني Symptoms & Clinical Signs – الأعراض والعلامات: - Low back pain and stiffness.
- Buttocks and hip pain and stiffness.
- Stooped posture.
- Peripheral arthritis (pain and swelling in knees, ankles).
- Fatigue and generalized weakness. Diagnostic Methods – طرق التشخيص: - History and physical examination.
- Blood tests: ESR, CRP.
- X-ray: Detects sacroiliitis and vertebral changes.
- MRI: Detects early active inflammation. Radiological Findings – النتائج الإشعاعية: - X-ray: sacroiliac joint erosion and fusion, bamboo spine, vertebral squaring.
- MRI: bone marrow edema in sacroiliac joint. Treatment Options – العلاج: - Physical therapy and exercise.
- NSAIDs.
- Biologic therapies.
- DMARDs.
- Surgery if required.

7. Phase Two Phase One Gout – النقرس Definition – التعريف: - A type of arthritis caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in and around the joint .
- Leads to sudden attacks of severe pain and inflammation . Causes & Risk Factors – الأسباب وعوامل الخطر: - Elevated uric acid level in the blood ( Hyperuricemia ).
- Obesity and overweight .
- Consumption of purine-rich diet ( red meat , legumes , seafood ).
- Kidney diseases .
- Genetic factors .
- Certain medications ( e.g ., diuretics ). Pathological Changes – التغيرات المرضية: - Deposition of needle-shaped uric acid crystals in cartilage.
- Acute painful inflammatory response .
- Formation of nodules ( Tophi ).
- Erosion of bones and cartilage.

8. Phase Two Phase One Gout – النقرس Symptoms & Clinical Signs – الأعراض والعلامات: 1. Sudden, severe joint pain. 2. Swelling, redness, and warmth in affected joint. 3. Sometimes fever and chills. 4. Limited range of motion. Diagnostic Methods – طرق التشخيص: X-ray: Detect erosions in chronic cases. Ultrasound: Detect early deposits (Double contour sign) Radiological Findings – النتائج الإشعاعية: X-ray: 1. “Punched-out” bone erosions. 2. Preserved joint space until late stage. 3. Soft Treatment Options – العلاج: 1. Anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attacks 2. Colchicine 3. Allopurinol (urate-lowering). 4. Diet modification. 5. Surgery (severe cases)

9. Phase Two Phase One Rheumatoid Arthritis – التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي Definition – التعريف: - Chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the synovium causing inflammation and swelling. Causes & Risk Factors – الأسباب وعوامل الخطر: - Genetic predisposition .
- More common in women .
- Smoking and environmental factors .
- Infections as triggers . Pathological Changes – التغيرات المرضية: - Inflammation .
- Enzymatic destruction of cartilage.
- Bone erosions .
- Joint deformities .

10. Phase Two Phase One Rheumatoid Arthritis – التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي Symptoms & Clinical Signs – الأعراض والعلامات: - Pain , swelling, stiffness of joints .
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour .
- Fatigue and malaise .
- Low-grade fever .
- Rheumatoid nodules under the skin . Diagnostic Methods – طرق التشخيص : - X- ray : erosions , structural changes .
- MRI.
- Ultrasound .
- Blood tests ( e.g ., rheumatoid factor , anti -CCP antibodies ).

11. Phase Two Phase One Rheumatoid Arthritis – التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي Radiological Findings – النتائج الإشعاعية: - X- ray : marginal bone erosions , joint space narrowing , subluxation / deformities .
- MRI and ultrasound for detailed assessment . Treatment Options – العلاج: - DMARDs ( disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ).
- Biological therapies .
- Corticosteroids .
- Pain relievers .
- Physical therapy .
- Surgery .

12. Phase Two Phase One Osteoarthritis – التهاب المفاصل التنكسي Definition – التعريف: - The most common type of arthritis .
- Characterized by degeneration and breakdown of articular cartilage, leading to bone-on-bone friction . Causes & Risk Factors – الأسباب وعوامل الخطر: - Aging .
- Obesity .
- Previous joint injuries .
- Genetic factors .
- Congenital joint deformities . Pathological Changes – التغيرات المرضية: - Fissures on cartilage.
- Gradual cartilage erosion .
- Osteophyte formation ( bone spurs ).
- Subchondral sclerosis .
- Subchondral cysts .

13. Phase Two Phase One Osteoarthritis – التهاب المفاصل التنكسي Symptoms & Clinical Signs – الأعراض والعلامات: - Activity-related pain ( worse with movement ).
- Stiffness after rest .
- Reduced range of motion .
- Mild swelling around the joint .
- Crepitus ( cracking sounds ). Diagnostic Methods – طرق التشخيص: - X- ray : joint space narrowing , osteophytes , sclerosis , cysts .
- MRI.
- Ultrasound .

14. Phase Two Phase One Osteoarthritis – التهاب المفاصل التنكسي Radiological Findings – النتائج الإشعاعية: - Joint space narrowing .
- Osteophyte formation .
- Subchondral sclerosis .
- Subchondral cysts .
- Cartilage loss and bone changes on MRI. Treatment Options – العلاج: - Weight loss .
- Exercise and physical therapy .
- NSAIDs .
- Injections ( e.g ., corticosteroids ).
- Surgery in severe cases .

15. Thank you منال ســــــــــــــــــراع إلهام الهمــــــداني الآء جوبـــــــــــــــــــــح أمة العليم عبد الله دعاء الشاطــــــــــــــــر