Practical Research 1 ACTIVITY 1.1 L1.pdf

LESSON SLIDE

1. Practical Research 1:
Qualitative Research
Grade 11 –St. Luke
JOHN NINO DOLIGOL, LPT, MACDDS
Subject teacher

2. LESSON 1: WHAT IS RESEARCH?
1.Researchisdefinedasthescientificinvestigationofphenomenawhich
includescollection,presentation,analysisandinterpretationoffacts
thatlinesanindividual‘sspeculationwithreality.
2.Solutionstoproblemsmustbebasedonknowledgenotonmerebeliefs,
guessesortheories.
3.Inresearchasystematicandwell-plannedprocedureisrequiredto
meettheneedinorderthatinformationisacquiredandevaluateits
accuracyandeffectiveness.
4.Itisaprocessofinquiring.

3. NATURE OF INQUIRY
1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or
knowledge”. It is a problem-solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins
with gathering by applying the different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till
death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.

4. Investigation and Immersion
•Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.
•It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
•Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves)
himself in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is
carefully read or examined by him in detail.
•Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept
of “research” comes in.

5. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’.
When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe
or examine something to request for truth, information, or
knowledge.
Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge
systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method),
objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a
creative process)

6. Purpose of Research
1.To inform action.
2.To prove or generate a theory.
3.To augment knowledge in a field or study.

7. Importance of Research in Daily Life
1.Researchdirectsustoinquireabouttherightinformationbyconducting
furtherinvestigationoftheactualcondition.Itleadsustobecautiousin
givingresultsandfindingsbyprovingliesandsupportingthetruth.
2.Researchempowersuswithknowledgeanddiscoversnewthingsandissues
inlife.Ithelpsussolveproblemsinhealth,crimes,business,technology
andenvironment.
3.Researchfacilitateslearningasanopportunitytosharevaluable
informationtoothersasawayofrecognizingvariousconcernsforpublic
awareness.

8. LEARNING EXPERIENCES: Activity 1
Directions:Answerthequestionsbriefly.
1.WhatisResearch?
2.Whatisinquiryanditsnature?
3.Whatisthedifferencebetweeninquiryandresearch?
4.Howimportantisresearchinyourdailylifeactivities?

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1.Empirical.Researchisbasedondirectexperienceor
observationbytheresearcher.
2.Logical.Researchisbasedonvalidproceduresandprinciples.
3.Cyclical.Researchisacyclicalprocessbecauseitstartswith
aproblemandendswithaproblem.
4.Analytical.Researchutilizesprovenanalyticalproceduresin
gatheringthedata,whetherhistorical,descriptive,and
experimentalandcasestudy.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
5.Critical.Researchexhibitscarefulandprecisejudgment.
6.Methodical.Researchisconductedinamethodicalmanner
withoutbiasusingsystematicmethodandprocedures.
7.Replicability.Theresearchdesignandproceduresare
replicatedorrepeatedtoenabletheresearchertoarriveat
validandconclusiveresults.

12. The Seven Steps of the
Research Process

13. The Seven Steps of the Research Process
Step1.Defineanddevelopyourtopic(ResearchProblem).
FactorstoConsiderinSelectingaResearchProblem
1.Researcher‘sareaofinterest
2.Availabilityoffunds
3.Investigator‘sabilityandtraining
Step2.Findbackgroundinformationaboutyourchosentopic
(ReviewofRelatedLiterature).
Step3.Planyourresearchdesignincludingyoursample
(Methodology).

14. The Seven Steps of the Research Process
Step4.Gathernecessarydatausingopenendedquestions(for
qualitativeresearch)andclosed-endedquestionnaireorpaper
penciltestquestionnaire(forquantitativeresearch)(Data
GatheringActivities).
Step5.Processandanalyzedatausingthematicanalysis(for
qualitativeresearch)andstatisticaltools(forquantitative
research).
Step6.Formulatenewinsightsgained(forqualitativeresearch)
conclusions(forquantitativeresearch)andrecommendations.
Step7.Definenewproblem.

15. Ethics in Research
Researchethicsareguidelinesfortheresponsibleconductof
researchwhicheducatesandmonitorsresearcherstoensure
highstandard.Itpromotestheaimofresearch,suchas
expandingknowledgeandsupportsthevaluesrequiredfor
collaborativework,suchasmutualrespectandfairness.

16. Ethical considerations in
conducting research

17. Ethical considerations in conducting
research:
1.Objectivityandintegrity
2.Respectoftheresearchsubjects‘righttoprivacyanddignity
andprotectionofsubjectsfrompersonalharm
3.Presentationofresearchfindings
4.Misuseofresearchrole
5.Acknowledgement ofresearchcollaborationandassistance
6.Distortionsoffindingsbysponsor

18. What are these ethics in research?
1.InformedConsent.Thisisrequiredtosecureinorderprotect
therightsoftheparticipantsinyourstudy.Informyour
participantsaboutthecriteriasetforchoosingthemas
informantsandthescheduleofone-on-oneinterviewatthe
convenienttimetheyareavailable.Participationtothestudy
willbecompletelyvoluntary.
2.Honesty.Itreportsdata,results,methodsandprocedures,and
publicationstatus.Donotfabricate,falsifyandmisrepresentthe
data.

19. What are these ethics in research?
3.Objectivity.Avoidbiasinexperimentaldesign,dataanalysis,
datainterpretation,peerreview,personneldecisions,grant
writing,experttestimony,andotheraspectsofresearch.
4.Integrity.Keepyourpromisesandagreements;actwith
sincerity;striveforconsistencyofthoughtandaction.
5.Carefulness.Avoidcarelesserrorsandnegligence;carefully
andcriticallyexamineyourworkandtheworkofpeers.Keep
goodrecordsofresearchactivities.

20. What are these ethics in research?
6.Openness.Sharedata,results,ideas,toolsandresources.Be
opentocriticismandnewideas.
7.RespectforIntellectualProperty.Honorpatents,copyrights,
trademarks,tradesecretsandotherformsofintellectual
property.Donotusepublishedorunpublisheddata,methods,or
resultswithoutpermission.Givecreditwherecreditisdue.Never
plagiarize,fabricateandfalsify.
8.Confidentiality.Protectconfidentialcommunications,suchas
papersorgrantssubmittedforpublication,personnelrecords,
tradeormilitarysecrets,andpatientrecords.

21. What are these ethics in research?
12.Socialresponsibility.Strivetopromotesocialacceptance
andpreventormitigatesocialharmsthroughresearch,public
education,andadvocacy.
13.Non-discrimination.Avoiddiscriminationagainstcolleagues
orstudentsonthebasisofsex,race,ethnicity,orotherfactors
thatarenotrelatedtotheirscientificcompetenceandintegrity.
14.Competence.Maintainandimproveyourownprofessional
competence andexpertisethroughlifelongeducationand
learning;takestepstopromotecompetenceinscienceasa
whole.

22. Rights of Research Participants

23. Rights of Research Participants
1.HumanRights.Theyaremoralprinciplesornormsthat
describecertainstandardsofhumanbehaviorandare
regularlyprotectedasnaturalandlegalrights.They
constituteasetofrightsanddutiesnecessaryforthe
protectionofhumandignity,inherenttoallhumanbeings.
2.IntellectualProperty.Itprotectscreationsofthemind,which
havebothamoralandacommercialvalue.

24. Rights of Research Participants
3.CopyrightInfringement.Itistheuseorproductionof
copyright-protectedmaterialwithoutpermissionofthe
copyrightholder.Copyrightinfringementmeansthattherights
accordedtothecopyrightholder,suchastheexclusiveuseofa
workforasetperiodoftime,arebreachedbyathird-party
Examples:a.Downloadingmoviesandmusicwithoutproper
paymentforuse.b.Recordingmoviesinatheatrec.Using
others’photographsforablogwithoutpermissiond.Copying
softwarecodewithoutgivingpropercredite.Creatingvideos
withunlicensedmusicclips.

25. Rights of Research Participants
4.VoluntaryParticipation.Peoplemustnotbecoercedinto
participatinginresearchprocess.Essentially,thismeansthat
prospectiveresearchparticipantsmustbeinformedaboutthe
proceduresandrisksinvolvedinresearchandmustgivetheirconsent
toparticipate.
5.Anonymity.Itistheprotectionofpeople’sidentitythroughnot
disclosingtheirnameornotexposingtheiridentity.Itisasituationin
datagatheringactivitiesinwhichinformant’snameisnotgivennor
known.
6.Privacy.Itissomeone’srighttokeephispersonalmattersand
relationshipssecret.Itistheabilityofanindividualtosecludehimfrom
disturbanceofanyresearchactivity.

26. Ethical Standards in Research Writing
ResearchMisconductincludesfabrication,falsification,or
plagiarism.Itdoesn’tincludehonesterrorofdifferencesof
opinion.Itcanerodetrustbetweenresearchersandfunding
agencies,whichmakeitmoredifficultforcolleaguesatthe
sameinstitutiontoreceivegrants.

27. Ethical Standards in Research
Writing

28. Ethical Standards in Research Writing
Plagiarism
Plagiarismreferstotheactofusinganotherperson’sideas,
works,processes,andresultswithoutgivingduecredit.Itshouldnot
betoleratedastheunauthorizeduseoforiginalworks,aviolation
ofintellectualpropertyrights.Threedifferentactsareconsidered
plagiarism:
1.Failuretocitequotationsandborrowedideas,
2.Failuretoencloseborrowedlanguageinquotationmarks,and.
3.Failuretoputsummariesandparaphrasesinyourownwords.

29. WRITTEN WORK

30. Activity : Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly.
1. Why is research practical and realistic?
2. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a
new problem.
3. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research
work?
4. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?

31. Quiz #1
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being
referred to in the following statements. Choose the letter of the
correct answer
1.Allthedatatobereportedshouldincludeallfactsandaccuracy.
a.Honesty
b.Objectivity
c.Competence
d.Care
2.Whateveragreeduponbytheparticipantsmustbeactualized.
a.Integrity
b.Legality
c.SocialResponsibility
d.ResponsiblePublication

32. Quiz #1
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being
referred to in the following statements. Choose the letter of the
correct answer
3.Theresearchersshouldacceptallcommentsandconsiderations.
a.Openness
b.Respectforintellectualproperty
c.Non-discrimination
d.Responsiblementoring
4.Whenapaperisalreadysubmittedtoapublication,nosubmissionto
anothershouldbedone.
a.Objectivity
b.Legality
c.Care
d.ResponsiblePublication

33. Quiz #1
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being
referred to in the following statements. Choose the letter of the
correct answer
5.Theresearchershouldbefullyequippedwithresearchskillswhen
conductingthestudy.
a.Confidentiality
b.Competence
c.Legality
d.Openness
6.Anexperienceresearchershouldimpartknowledgetohisorher
students.
a.ResponsiblePublication
b.Non-discrimination
c.Respectforcolleagues
d.SocialResponsibility

34. Quiz #1
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being
referred to in the following statements. Choose the letter of the
correct answer
7.Theresearchershouldensurethattheparticipantswillnotbe
adverselyaffectedbytheresearchanditsresults.
a.Care
b.Humansubjects’protection
c.Respectforcolleagues
d.SocialResponsibility.
8.Anyparticipantstoanyresearchactivitymustnotbeforcedtotake
partinthestudy.
a.Voluntaryparticipation
b.Informedconsent
c.Riskofharm
d.socialresponsibility

35. Quiz #1
Direction: Identify what characteristic of a researcher is being
referred to in the following statements. Choose the letter of the
correct answer
9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the
following actions?
a. Talking to him or her privately
b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire
c. Writing him or her a letter
d. Using a padrino system
10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the
following actions?
a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire
b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section
c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview
d. Taking his or her picture