PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES BIOTECH.pptx STE

biotech 8

1. PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES USED IN TRADITIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. Traditional biotechnology Traditional biotechnology refers to the traditional techniques of using organisms to produce new products or modify foods or other useful products for human use. The early examples of biotechnology include breeding animals and crops to make cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer and wine. Some traditional techniques such as selective breeding, hybridization and mutagenesis, are used in current applications of biotechnology. Other technologies include fermentation, selective breeding, food processing, tissue culture and more. Traditional biotechnology includes a range of techniques that have been traditionally used by mankind to alter food and other substances. Some of these have been used successfully without the understanding of the science behind them.

3. Techniques used in traditional biotechnology 1. Fermentation Fermentation is a chemical transformation of organic substances into simple compounds using microorganisms, such as molds, yeasts or bacteria. Fermented food is essentially more broken down or “predigested” by enzymes. Fermented foods have many benefits over raw foods. Fermentation makes the food more digestible, and so, many people find that eating fermented foods improves gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, bloating, gas and cramps.

4. Fermented foods are a natural source of many nutrients, most notably probiotics (good bacteria), vitamin B complex and fiber.

5. 2. Selective breeding Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for a particular trait. It is also known as artificial selection. Breeders select two parents that have beneficial phenotypic traits to reproduce offspring with those desired traits. Selective breeding can be used to produce tastier fruits and vegetables, crops with greater resistance to pests, and larger animals that can be used for meat. Both plant and animal breeding have been common practice since the birth of civilization. Domestication of Dogs (Selective breeding in dogs)

6. Perhaps the earliest example of selective breeding is the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ). It is unknown exactly when and where dogs were first domesticated, but humans have been breeding dogs for at least 14,000 years. Scientists believe that the domestic dog evolved from the wild gray wolf ( Canis lupus ), and through artificial selection, humans were able to create hundreds of different dog breeds. As people domesticated and bred dogs, they favored specific traits, like size or intelligence, for certain tasks, such as hunting, shepherding, or companionship. As a result, many dog breeds vastly differ in appearance, a unique phenomenon in the animal world, as different breeds of a single species generally resemble each other.

7. In farming this method is beneficial because the farmers now can choose what cows they want to produce more milk. Selective breeding has also been practiced in agriculture for thousands of years. Almost every fruit and vegetable eaten today is a product of artificial selection. Cabbage Broccoli Cauliflower Brussels sprouts K ale

8. 3. Hybridization or Cross breeding Occurs when two distinctly different breed of animals are mated to each other. Irresponsible cross breeding can result to weak offspring.

9. 4. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE Some traditional medicines also used organisms or parts of organisms. For example, in the Philippines , people use guava leaves as an antibiotic, the ancient Egyptians used honey for respiratory infections and as an ointment for wounds. Honey is a natural antibiotic, killing the germs in wounds.

10. Activity # 1: MIND IT Put a check mark if each of the following products uses traditional technique in biotechnology. ______________1. soy sauce ______________2. fish sauce ______________3. vinegar ______________4. kimchi ______________5. grape wine

11. ______________6. burong isda ______________7. vaccine ______________8. eggs ______________9. cheese ______________10. selected breed in animals

12. ______________11. bread with leavened like yeast ______________12. fermentation of juice to alcoholic beverages ______________13. production of spirits (ethanol) in wine. ______________14. conversion of milk to curd. ______________15. use of guava leaves to remove bacteria in wounds