Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant

Presentation agenda contain

1. Preliminary site survey
2. Tools required
3. Data check list
4. Preparation of Prefeasibility report
5. Conatent of PFR
6. basic of calculation

1. Hydro Power Plant Site survey , PFR & basic design Ashish Verma M.Tech Energy system engineering College of Engineering studies 500022066

2. Presentation agenda Site Survey for SHP plant Parameter , instrument & discharge data requirement Feasible Site selection Preparation of pre feasibility report(PFR) What should be or not be in PFR Executive summary & Introduction Hydrology , Power potential and installed capacity Turbine technology selection Basic project structure Surrounding ecology and geology Project cost & break up Various Graph

3. Site Survey Pre feasibility Report Basic Design Various Graph and pictures

4. Pre implementation activities

5. Objective To roughly evaluation of feasibility of project To getting necessary data and figures for development Measuring Parameter Measurement river/ water body flow data Measurement of head ( Power α available head ) Topographical and geological condition of site Site accessibility – need to be address during planning stage Power evacuation point distance – determine power loss Power demand assessment

6. Methodology of HEPP Development Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey. Estimation of Potential Regulations & Environmental Concerns Feasible Supply Turbine Selection Costing and Payback.

7. Hydrological Survey : flow duration curve To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site. Direct Measurement of the flow rate. The more robust option is to find out the flow-rate by working out the volume of water that was entering the river. This uses the rainfall data from met office for two lean season

8. River flow measurement Current Meter Method Measured by Electromagnetic current or propeller type current meter

9. Float measuring method

10. Bucket method Direct measurement with a bucket Good for small flow in conduit

11. Wier Measuring method

12. Average Flow duration Curve Average Flow duration Curve Mean of 10 – 30 years % of time Discharge, Cumecs Q m Q 100% Q 95% Q 50%

13. Measuring Instrument Altimeter – for altitude measurement GPS – for location coordinate Camera – for capturing the location image Current meter – measuring the flow of water Distance meter - Depth meter – depth of the water body Clinometer Compass Hand level

14. Various studies during the Preliminary site survey Hydro logical studies : Overall rain fall ,run off data ,principle river flow data , flood char. , from record of govt. department . Min , avg and flood details Topological studies : Tachometric survey and survey required depending upon the existing info and maps Geological studies : Overall geological char. And local features , for transportation of material Power demand assessment : Overall power demand scenario in the project near by area and existing infra for power evacuation

15. Site Survey Pre feasibility Report Basic Design Various Graph and pictures

16. Why PFR ? Its pre feasibility report Required to investigate weather project is technically or financially feasible or not Aim of PFR is to examine next step to project formulation

17. Preparation of PFRs involves ……. conceptual planning, preparation of project and equipment layouts, infrastructure requirement, environmental and geological studies, power evacuation arrangement, cost estimates and economic evaluation

18. Executive summary Introduction Project location Map Project description Salient feature Hydrology Climate Catchment area Rainfall

19. Power Potential and Installed capacity: basic principle based on the P 0= QgH where Po is in Watt Categories of Hydro Plant based on Power generation Micro : upto 100 kW Mini : 101 to 2000 k W Small : 2001 to 25000 kW Medium : 25001 to 50,000 kW Large : size above 50 MW Classification based on available Head Low head plant Up to 30 m. Medium Head Plant Between 30 m to 300m High head plant More than 300 m

20. Classification based on Turbine characteristics Low specific speed Between 10 to 60 Medium specific speed Between 60 to 300 High specific speed Between 300 to 1000 Classification based on Load Characteristics Base load plant Operates continuously and generate constant power Peak load plant Supply power during the peak hours Classification based on hydraulic characteristics Run off river plant no water storage facility Storage plant With poundage facility Pump storage plant Act as battery Tidal plant

21. Turbine Selection Based on direction of flow of water through the runner Axial flow Axial flow Radial flow Radial Flow Tangential flow Tangential flow Mixed flow Mixed flow Based on action of water on the runner blades Impulse turbine Entire pressure energy converted in to Kinetic energy Exp : Pelton turbine Suitable for high head Reaction turbine Partially convert pressure in to kinetic energy Exp. Francis , Kaplan turbine Suitable for Low head

22. Axial flow

23. Radial Flow

24. Tangential flow

25. Mixed flow

26. Turbine specification Particular Unit Rated discharge Cumecs Net head at rated discharge M Gross head M Site elevation M System frequency Hz Min Head M Max Head M Arrangement Horizontal /vertical Type of turbine Impulse/ reaction Unit speed Rpm Runner pitch diameter Mm Rated output kW Intake type Draft tube Shafting arrangement

27. Hydro power plant arrangement

28. Project structure and civil work required

29. Project costing

30. Surface geology and ecology Effect of geology during civil construction Impact on Flora and fauna Effect on fish and other water living beings Seismic effect during construction Site photo graph Various flow duration curve

31. Basic design calculation : Example Given data Available power Turbine efficiency =0.88 & generator efficiency =0.94 Po= 9.81 *0.88*5.10 *92.0 =4050 kW Parameter Units Water level at forbay 607.54 m Water level at tail race channel 511.21 Gross head 96.33 Head loss 4.33 Net head 92.0 m 100 % dependable discharge 5.10 cumecs

32. Design discharge for forebay = 100 % discharge * 1.05 Design discharge for head race = design dicharge of forebay /0.95 Design discharge for intake channel = design discharge for head race /0.85 Design discharge for Trench weir = design discharge for for inatke channel /0.95