preschool exposure to violet behavior.pptx

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1. Prospective Associations Between Preschool Exposure to Violent Televiewing and Externalizing Behavior in Middle Adolescent Boys and Girls Presented by P J Hemanth Reddy 19Y01T0018 Pharm.D VIth year CESCOP International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2025, 22, 129

2. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE MATERIALS and METHODs Early childhood exposure to violent media content represents an actionable target for preventive intervention. The associated risks for later aggressive behavior have been established in childhood, but few studies have explored widespread long-term associations with antisocial behavior. We investigate prospective associations between exposure to violent television content in early childhood and subsequent antisocial behavior in mid-adolescence. Participants are 963 girls and 982 boys from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) birth cohort. Parents reported the frequency of their child’s exposure to violent television content at ages 3.5 and 4.5 years. Four indicators of antisocial behavior were self-reported by participants at age 15 years. These indicators were linearly regressed on exposure to violent television content at ages 3.5 and 4.5 years. All analyses, stratified by sex, controlled for pre-existing and concurrent potential individual and family confounding variables. RESULTS For boys, preschool violent televiewing was associated with increases in proactive aggression (β = 0.065; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.089), physical aggression (β = 0.074; 95% CI, 0.040 to 0.487), and antisocial behavior (β = 0.076; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.140) by mid-adolescence. No prospective associations were found for girls.

3. CONCLUSION Keywords preschool development; psycho-social risks; screen violence; youth; maladaptive development; aggression This study of typically developing children demonstrates long-term perils associated with early exposure to violent content in childhood. We observed risks for aggressive and delinquent behavior in boys, more than a decade later. Preventive intervention campaigns that target knowledge transfer to parents and communities regarding the potential insidious consequences of preschool exposure promise more optimal development in youth.

4. Violent media content is an omnipresent part of modern digital environments, raising significant concerns about its impact on children’s behavioral development. Early childhood is a crucial period in which social behaviors, emotional regulation, and cognitive patterns are shaped, making young children particularly susceptible to external influences such as television content. Research has long suggested that exposure to violent television is linked to increased aggressive tendencies in childhood. However, fewer studies have examined whether these effects persist into adolescence, especially regarding antisocial behaviors such as delinquency, proactive aggression, and physical violence. Given that media violence is often glamorized and portrayed without consequences, young viewers may internalize these depictions as acceptable social behaviors. Several psychological theories, including Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and the General Aggression Model , support the hypothesis that repeated exposure to violence influences thought processes, emotional responses, and behavioral tendencies. Social Learning Theory suggests that children imitate aggressive behaviors when they observe models, particularly if those models are rewarded rather than punished. Similarly, the General Aggression Model explains how exposure to violent media can lead to long-term personality changes by reinforcing aggression as a habitual response. While some researchers argue that environmental and genetic factors play a greater role in aggression than media exposure, the prevailing consensus suggests that early exposure to violent content could have significant long-term effects. This study aims to explore the prospective relationship between preschool exposure to violent television content and externalizing behaviors, specifically antisocial tendencies, at age 15. Additionally, it investigates whether there are gender differences in these associations, recognizing that boys and girls may process media content and exhibit aggression differently. INTRODUCTION:

5. The study utilizes data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) , a cohort of children born in Quebec in 1997–1998. Initially, 2,837 infants were randomly selected, but due to participant dropout and missing data, the final sample included 1,945 children (982 boys and 963 girls). Data were collected through parental reports, self-reports at age 15, and structured assessments administered by trained researchers. Participants were assessed at multiple developmental stages, with preschool exposure to violent television measured at ages 3.5 and 4.5 years and externalizing behaviors evaluated at age 15. MATERIALS and METHODS Participants Measures: Predictor (Violent Televiewing at Ages 3.5 and 4.5 Years) At ages 3.5 and 4.5 , the primary caregiver (mother in 98% of cases ) reported their child’s frequency of exposure to violent television content using a 4-point Likert scale: 0 = Never; 1 = Rarely; 2 = Sometimes; 3 = Often The responses were averaged to create a composite violent televiewing score for each child. Measures: Outcomes (Externalizing Behavior at Age 15 Years) At age 15 , participants completed the Mental Health and Maladjustment in Adolescence Questionnaire , a validated tool designed to measure externalizing behaviors. The study focused on four key behavioral outcomes: proactive aggression, reactive aggression, physical aggression, and antisocial behavior. Proactive aggression refers to deliberate acts of aggression used to gain something, such as threats or coercion. Reactive aggression involves impulsive violent responses triggered by provocation.

6. Physical aggression includes behaviors such as fighting, bullying, and the use of weapons. Antisocial behavior covers illegal activities, including police encounters, court appearances, and delinquent acts. Higher scores in these categories indicate more severe behavioral problems. Measures: Individual and Family Control Variables (Between Ages 5 Months and 15 Years) To isolate the effects of violent media exposure, the study controlled for multiple individual and environmental variables known to influence behavioral development. Individual factors included difficult temperament at 1.5 years, baseline physical aggression at age 1.5, neurocognitive abilities at age 2.5, and overall screen time at age 15. Family-related variables included maternal depressive symptoms, parental history of antisocial behavior, family income sufficiency, family structure (single-parent households), and exposure to physical aggression within the home at age 3.5. By controlling for these factors, the researchers aimed to ensure that any observed associations between violent televiewing and externalizing behaviors were not confounded by pre-existing risk factors. Data Analytic Strategies The study employed multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate the long-term effects of preschool violent televiewing on adolescent externalizing behaviors. All analyses were stratified by sex , allowing the researchers to compare outcomes separately for boys and girls. To address the issue of missing data, multiple imputation techniques were implemented using SPSS statistical software, ensuring robust and unbiased results.

7. RESULTS Findings revealed that boys were significantly more likely than girls to be exposed to violent television content during preschool years. While 54.5% of girls had never been exposed to violent media, only 41.6% of boys fell into this category. In contrast, boys exhibited higher rates of frequent exposure , reinforcing the notion that media consumption preferences differ by gender from an early age. Exposure to Violent Television and Gender Differences Association Between Violent Televiewing and Externalizing Behaviors For boys , preschool exposure to violent television was significantly associated with higher levels of proactive aggression, physical aggression, and antisocial behavior at age 15 , even after adjusting for pre-existing child and family factors. The statistical analysis indicated that for every unit increase in violent televiewing, boys exhibited a 6.5% increase in proactive aggression, a 7.4% increase in physical aggression, and a 7.6% increase in antisocial behavior by mid-adolescence. These findings suggest that early exposure to media violence contributes to persistent aggression and delinquency. In contrast, no significant relationships were found for girls , suggesting that violent media may not have the same long-term behavioral impact on female adolescents.

8. Strengths: Large longitudinal dataset (15-year follow-up) Multiple data sources (parents, teachers, self-reports) Rigorous control for confounding variables DISCUSSION A key finding of this study is the pronounced gender disparity in the effects of violent media exposure. Boys, more than girls, are drawn to fast-paced, action-oriented content featuring physical aggression. From a social learning perspective , boys may be more likely to model aggressive behavior when they see male characters engaging in violence without consequences. Girls, on the other hand, may be more inclined to engage in relational aggression , which was not directly measured in this study. Gender Differences in Media Influence and Aggressive Behavior Theoretical Frameworks Supporting the Findings These results are consistent with Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes observational learning and imitation of aggressive behaviors . Additionally, the General Aggression Model suggests that repeated exposure to media violence influences aggressive thought patterns and emotional responses , making individuals more likely to respond aggressively to real-life conflicts. The desensitization hypothesis further explains how prolonged exposure to violence dulls emotional responses, reducing empathy and increasing tolerance for aggression. Strengths & Limitations

9. Limitations: Reliance on parental reports for media exposure Lack of direct observation of violent content Findings may not generalize to modern streaming platforms and social media. CONCLUSION This study provides strong empirical evidence that early childhood exposure to violent television content has long-term behavioral consequences , particularly for boys . The results suggest that violent media consumption during preschool years is a significant predictor of aggression and antisocial behavior in adolescence , reinforcing the need for parental awareness, media literacy programs, and policy interventions . Given the increasing accessibility of violent digital content through streaming services and video games, future research should examine how evolving media landscapes influence youth development. By implementing preventive strategies, such as media education and parental monitoring, it may be possible to reduce the risk of aggressive behaviors in later life. References https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/1/129v https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:AP:3c79f829-70b4-4407-b57f-82e42c1a345a

10. Thanks ! P J Hemanth Reddy