Presentation (2).pptx63886382928489291984829777

A good presntation

1. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PRESENTED TO : MAM MADIHA PRESENTED BY: Shahzadi Iram Zahra Sumaira Naveed Habiba Naveed Aima khalid

2. Introduction Primary sex organs Reproductive Tract Accessory Sex Glands External Genitalia In Humans, as in many other animal species, reproduction results from the union of two specialized sex cells one from male and one from female. These cells are made by the reproductive system. Components of Male Reproductive System

3. Testes Covered by thick capsule of dense connective tissue known as Tunica albuginea Beneath tunica albuginea, later of connective tissue, contain blood vessel known as Tunica vasculosa Posteriorly the tunica albuginea is thickened and radiated into mediastinum gland A thin incomplete connective tissue septa called septula testis divide the interior region into 250 pyramidal compartments called testicular lobules which contain Seminiferous tubules Fuctions : Produce male gametes Produce testosterone

4. Seminiferous Tubules Lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium Epithelium rests on basal lamina and is surrounded by a thin layer of Connective tissue called tunica propria Shape: Colied Diameter: 0.2mm Length: 50cm Individually exist as free blinds Form anastomosing loops with neighbouring At apex of testicular lobule become straight Seminiferous Epithelium: Consists of two types of cells: Spermatogenic cells Sertoli cells

5. Spermatogenic Cells Location: lie b/w sertoli cells Cell Type: Roughly spherical cells Epithelium: Stratified epithelium Round nucleus Types: Spermiogenesis : Type A dark cells Type A pale cells Type B cells Spermatogonia ➡️ Primary Spermatocytes ➡️ Secondary Spermatocytes ➡️ Spermatic ➡️ Spermatazoa

6. Sertoli Cells ( Sustentacular Cells) Tall columnar cells Large pale staining nucleus Inflolding in Nuclear envelope Lateral cell wall bound by occluding junction Divide seminiferous tubules into two compartments: Basal compartment: contains premeiotic germ cells spermatogonia,pri.ary spermatocytes Adluminal compartment: contains secondary sper.atocytes , spermatids, and spermatozoa

7. Functions of Sertoli Cells Provide physical and nutritional support Establish Blood-Testis Barrier Carry out phagocytosis Secrete AMH Secrete Androgen-binding protein Secrete Inhibin

8. Blood-Testis Barrier ( Sertoli Cell Barrier) Controls the passage of tissue fluids Structure : Formed by tight (occluding) junctions Cell Type : Sertoli cells Location : In Seminiferous tubules Reason for barrier creation Functions : Prevention of developing sperm cells No entrance of damaging substances Regulation of useful materials

9. Spermatozoa Male gametes Smallest cell of the human body Cell Type: Haploid cells Location: In lumen of Seminiferous tubules Function: Structure: Parts: Head and Tail Fertilzation Genetic transmission Appearance Length Covering

10. Spermatozoa Tail of Sperm Head of Sperm Flattened, pear shaped Length: 4-5μm Width: 3μm Thickness: 1μm Structure: Whip or Flagellum like body Length: 55μm Core structure: Parts: Condensed nucleus Nuclear envelope Acrosomal cap containing enzymes Axoneme / Axial filament (responsible for its motility,bending , and oscillation Neck Middle piece Principle piece End piece

11. Parts of Tail Neck: Middle piece: Principal piece: End piece: Constricted region Contain centrioles Site of origin of coarse fibres and axoneme Axoneme in centre Sheath of mitochondria Annulus Longest segment of tail Fibrous Sheath of rib like circumferential fibres Terminal segment of tail

12. Intertubular Connective Tissue (Interstitial tissue) Endocrine cells Large ovoid cells Each cell has nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and SER Secretes testosterone Loose connective tissue b/w Seminiferous tubules Contains interstitial cells of Leydig Leydig Cells

13. Male Genital Ducts Intratesticular Ducts Tubuli Recti Rete Testis Ductus Efferentia Excretory Genital Ducts Epididymis Ductus Deferens Urethra

14. Tubuli recti Straight tubules formed by joined Seminiferous tubules Location: At apex of testicular lobule Diameter: 25μm Proximal and Distal parts Rete Testis Anastomotic network in mediastinum testis Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium Ductus Efferentia Structure Length: 7cm Diameter: 50μm Lined by simple unusual columnar epithelium Structure of epithelium ☆ Both tubuli recti and Rete testis have cuboidal epithelium which exhibits a few short apical microvilli and a single kinocilium . Ciliated cells Principle cells Structure Cytoplasm Function Male Genital Ducts

15. Epididymis Ductus Epididymis: 6 to 7 meters long Coils: Connective tissue Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Tall columnar cells and basal cells Lining epithelium Functions : Storage Transportation Reabsorption Motility Fertilize ova Comma-shaped body Location: Postero -superior surface of testis Parts: Head Body Tail

16. Ductus Deferens ( Vas Deferens) Mucosa : Lumen : Star shaped Lining epithelium : Smooth circular muscle fibers Tall columnar cells/ Basal cells : Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Lamina propria : Collagenous elastic fibres Adventitia: Thin layer Contains blood vessels and nerves Ampulla : Low columnar epithelium (secretory in nature) Tall mucosal folds with glandular crypts Muscularis : Thick layer Three layers of smooth muscle Thin inner longitudinal layer Thick middle circular layer Thick outer longitudinal layer Narrow lumen and a thick muscular wall Coatings: Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia

17. Accessory glands: Seminal Vesicles: 15 cm long Coatings: Mucosa: Complicated folds Lumen : Irregular spaces Lining epithelium : Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Consists of principal cells and basal cells Principal cells: Talll columnar Microvilli Cytoplasm Basal cells: Short Rest on basal lamina Stem cells Lamina propria : Beneath epithelium Loose connective tissue rich in elastic fibers 2. Muscularis : Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles 3. Adventitia: Thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue Functions: Secrete yellow viscous fluid Ejaculation Add secretory product Secretory product: Rich in fructose having nutritive material Flavin: Impart yellow colour to semen Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulborethral gland

18. Mechanism of Erection Sexual arousal Neurotransmitter release Vasodilation Smooth muscle relaxation Blood engorgement