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Science laboratory

1. Dav COLLEGE OF education, abohar Science assignment Topic – science laboratory Sumitted to – dr. Gurdeep kaur Submitted by - name - anchal kumari Roll no. -64 Section -b

2. Science laboratory Introduction : Science is different from other subjects in that it is not theoratical but also practical. In order to understand scientific concepts, one has to look beyond the books and conventional classroom teaching. Effective teaching and learning of science involves seeing, handling and manipulating real objects and materials. The knowledge that childrens attain in the classroom would be ineffective, unless they actually observe the process and understand the relationship between theory and practice. Good schools combine classroom teaching with laboratory experiments to ensure that their students grasp each and every concept thoroughly.

3. What is laboratory? Laboratory is a room that used for the scientific research testing, experiments for teaching a science. The various types of equipments used in laboratory are known as laboratory materials.

4. Objectives of laboratory A good science laboratory serves following purpose: To provide real and stable knowledge of science. To provide opportunity for training in scientific method. To develop the skill in handling scientific apparatus. To develop scientific attitude through practical work. To provide opportunity to think, observe, apply reason and to arrive at a conclusion.

5. Importance of laboratory Permanent impression Development of scientific skills Development of scientific attitude Stimulating effect Formation of good habits Learning by doing Training for adjustment in modern life Awakening the maintenance of curiosity in environment Sense of cooperation and healthy competition

6. Planning of science laboratory On the basis of report of Science Education in Secondary Schools Committee Govt. Of India (1964) suggested following factors : The number of students working at a time. The minimum space necessary for each student for comfortable working. Number of science teachers in school. Usefull for middle as well as higher classes. Imperative need for economy.

7. Points to be kept in mind while planning of science laboratory Spacious freedom of movements. Avoid fix benches. It should be located on ground floor. Access to natural light. Demonstration table at suitable distance. Proper furniture is available. Strongly build floor. Proper ventilation + plumbing. Proper storage room +cupboards.

8. Organization of laboratory The laboratory should be organized in a following way that it should have a Preparation room Store room Science room Dark room 1 : Preparation room :- In this room, apparatus for daily experiments are kept. The laboratory assistant or teacher can prepare the experiments in the preparation room.

9. 2: Store room :- It is generally inside the laboratory. It be kept locked. There should be one door opening in the science room. Articles should be properly arranged in large glass almirhs. The various articles should be labelled. 3: Science room :- It is meant to demosntrate the experiments by the teacher. Seating arrangements should be such that all the students can watch experiments. There should be a black board at the back or towards left. 4: Dark room :- It is permanently dark but ventilated. It is used for various purposes requiring darkness.

10. Laboratory planning for high school In India there are two types of schools are running parallel High school Senior secondary school The laboratory planning is also different for each one tham. At high school level science is taught as one subject whereas at senior secondary school level there are different laboratories meant for physics, chemistry and biology.

11. Cont............... For high school there are two types of plans for science laboratory:- Combined lecture room cum laboratory All purpose science room

12. 1. Combined lecture room cum laboratory plan First designed by Dr. R. H. Whitehouse formar principal of central trainning college, lahore. It is more beneficial in developing science climate as well as more convenient for the students and the teachers. Details of this plan Dimensions : - The size of lecture room suggested in the plan is 45’*25 for a class of 40 students in demonstartion and 20 for practical work. Half of this space is used as lecture room and the remaining half as laboratory.

13. Combined lecture room cum laboratory

14. Cont.................. Walls and floors :- walls should be 1’-6” thick. Paint should be preferred to white wash as it cheaper in long run. Floors should be made smooth and cement plaster or marble. This can be easily cleaned Round corners are recommended between the walls and the floor to avoid dirt lodging. Doors:- Two doors one near the lecture room and other near the laboratory are provided.

15. Cont.................................. The former may strictly be used for lecture room and the latter for the laboratory. One can be use for entrance and other can be used for exit. Doors should be open outwards for, in case of panic the doors may provide quick and easy exit. Windows :- Three windows each 6’ across and 8’ high are provided on the side opposite to the door. Two of these are near the seating accomodation and one near the practical benches.

16. Cont.................... Windows should open outwards so that the inner windows-sills may be used as shelves, if reqired. If the school is situated inside a city, windows need wire gauge. Water supply :- Sufficient water should be available in the laboratory. A galvanized drum of iron fitted with a brass stopcock at bottom, placed by the side of each sink. An alternative and other better plan is t9 have a storage of not less than 2000 litre capacity on the roof.

17. Cont..................... Furnishings and fittings arrangement in lecture room :- It should be as follows: Black board :- A black board 10’* 4” is provided, at a distance of 3 feet from th teachers table. Seating Arrangement :- Dual tables and chairs are provided. Twenty table and forty chairs needed. Dimension suggested are 3’-5” long, 1’-6” wide and 2’ high. The table should be plain and made of sheesham wood. The area allowed for a dual table and two chairs is 3’-6”*3’-6”.

18. Advantages of lecture c laboratory plan It is a convenient plan in terms of money. It gives students an opportunity to perform experiments independently. Scientific attitude is developed. Scientific atmosphere is prevails. The plan has multiple uses. The furnishing is portable and cheap. It provides an opportunity for better control.

19. 2. All purpose science laboratory This type of laboratory is convenient for both theoratical as well as practical work, in general science but dones not serve the purpose for teaching special branches of science. Size of laboratory :- The size Of the laboratory varies according to the number of students in the class A convenient dimensions for about 40 students is 45’*45’. Storage room :- A separate storage cum preparation room should be provided along with the laboratory to improve the efficiency of working and preservation of apparatus. Storage space can also be there in the teacher’s room and dark room.

20. Cont................. Place for reagent bottles:- There should be provision in the walls or keeping reagent bottles etc. In such a way that they neither obsure look ugly. Windows:- The windos Should be fitted with good blinds so that provide room may be darken when need be.

21. All purpose science room

22. Cont..................... Working tables :- The movable working tables with flat top should be there so that the students can stand around the writing cum working tables while doing experiments. The stools or portable chairs or benches can be avoided to the students to sit. Water and gas arrangements :- The side tables may be provided with fixed sink, water and gas taos. The writing cum working tables should Not be fixed so as to make all possible.

23. Cont...................... Storage cupboards :- The fixed side tables should have storage cupboards to keep equipments, apparatus and chemicals. But it is advisabke to keep important chemicals and apparatus in the storage room.

24. Suggestions for effective use of laboratory While working a laboratory , students must be guided about efficient use of laboratory, these are ::------- First of all students should be given laboratory instructions in the laboratory. The teacher should see the availability of the apparatus , supervision during experiments and alertness cleanliness. Students co-operation should be sought in the laboratory. There should be provision of a laboratory attendant at all times

25. Cont................ Students should be encouraged to work methodically. The teacher should be a fixed place for each item in the laboratory. The apparatus should ne numbered so that it can be counted easily. The teacher should also maintain the stock register. The laboratory should have a first aid box to deal with emergency in case of accidents.

26. Conclusion Science is different from other subjects that’s why every school has a science laboratory so that every student can understand the things clearly and learning by doing method.