Presentation_for_Ministry_of_Energy.pptx

Presentation_for_Ministry_of_Energy.pptx

1. Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Energy Department, MoEM , Hargeisa , Somaliland 4 th Meeting of the Bureau of Energy Standards 26 August, 2024 RECENT UPDATES Hargeisa , Somaliland Presented by Khadar A. Farah Consultant on Energy Efficiency Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

2. Quotes

3. EE SHOULD DOUBLE THE RATE

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5. The scope for EE falls under the following categories: 1 . Standards of equipment/appliances, labelling and testing facilities ; 2. Measurement and Verification of achieved energy savings; 3. Accreditation, adoption and deployment of energy management systems; 4.Various energy efficiency and Demand Side Management measures for the electricity end use sector (CFLs and LEDs for lighting, Time of Use tariffs, prepayment and smart meters, hot water load control, power factor corrections, power alert, building designs). These were considered in context of demand side management (DSM) in various applications of the residential, commercial and industrial sectors; 5.On supply side, transmission and distribution losses for the power sector such as power factor corrections, power quality monitoring and smart grids and related advanced metering infrastructure; and 6.Technology and fuel substitutions in cooking/heating and cooling for household, public and social sectors, industry (small and large scale) (e.g. ICS; alternative fuels-LPG, biogas, biofuels; charcoal production-kiln designs, efficient air conditioners and motors).

6. OUTLINE SECTION ONE: Interesting facts on Energy Efficiency SECTION TWO: Appliances’ Market Transformation SECTION THREE : First focus is on Lighting! Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

7. SECTION ONE: Interesting Info. on EE Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

8. Energy Management Pyramid Roadmap for achieving energy sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: The mediating role of energy use efficiency. Energy Efficiency is one the PERFORMANCE INDICATORS of the Energy Sector

9. Energy Efficiency is QUICKER PROCESS Demand Side More Efficient Use Conservation & Management Supply Side More Efficient and Cleaner Supply Demand Supply Management + Metering & Analysis We must develop technologies and business models to increase renewable energies penetration Mid term approach Cleaner supplies will take time to implement We must focus on Energy Efficiency to solve our energy dilemma Short term action Current technologies allow us to target 30% savings

10. Because action is required now, Energy Efficiency is a Must Cheaper Each kWh saved avoids about 3x the generation production Demand response programs cost about half of typical electricity costs Quicker Technology is available today with short term results Cleaner “ Negawatt ” produces no environmental footprint Enhanced Security EE is homegrown, it reduces dependence on imports

11. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland Goals Social Sustainability 1. Improve the health of the nation 2. Create jobs 3. Alleviate energy poverty Environmental Sustainability 4. Reduce environmental pollution 5. Reduce CO2 emissions Economic Sustainability 6. Improve industrial competitiveness 7. Enhance energy security 8. Reduce the need for additional generating capacity

12. Value of energy efficiency and conservation Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland Successfully capturing Somaliland’s energy efficiency potential will be critical for the electricity sector – relieving constraints in the current network, lowering total system costs, and improving value and service for customers – with significant benefit to both human and economic development as a result .. Demand-side management (DSM) can reduce the cost of grid investments, providing a lower cost alternative to T&D upgrades, or improving service at overloaded feeders while waiting for grid expansion. Energy efficiency (EE) can reduce total system cost of generation, transmission, and distribution in the long-term. Support for EE investment and implementation can help offset the impact of rising electricity prices on consumers and industries

13. Response to the key Issues Energy Efficiency as an essential tool to meet the continent energy supply challenge Dissemination of CFLs (Replacement of incandescent bulbs with CFLs) Energy saving awareness Promotion of energy efficient households appliances (ACs and Refrigerators) through MEPS and energy labeling programs Solar water heating Energy audits Power factor correction Promotion of efficient cooking stoves In spite of these efforts, numerous challenges persist -

14. Energy Efficiency in Ethiopia Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

15. 6 Key Areas of Energy Efficiency Standards of equipment/appliances, labelling and testing facilities. Measurement and Verification of achieved energy savings; Accreditation , adoption and deployment of energy management systems; Various energy efficiency and Demand Side Management measures for the electricity end use sector (CFLs and LEDs for lighting, Time of Use tariffs, prepayment and smart meters, hot water load control, power factor corrections , power alert, building designs). These were considered in context of demand side management (DSM) in various applications of the residential, commercial and industrial sectors; On supply side, transmission and distribution losses for the power sector such as power factor corrections, power quality monitoring and smart grids and related advanced metering infrastructure; and Technology and fuel substitutions in cooking/heating and cooling for household, public and social sectors, industry (small and large scale) (e.g. ICS; alternative fuels-LPG, biogas, biofuels; charcoal production-kiln designs, efficient air conditioners and motors).

16. Create on-grid and off-grid/mini-grids project pipeline that will meet the stipulated targets including RE projects and EE programmes Phase Phase 1: up to 3 years Phase 2: up to 7 years Phase 3: up to 10 years Appliances/items considered for MEPS and labelling Fans, lighting, refrigerators, air conditioners Motors, distribution transformers, water heaters, washing machines, TV Dishwashers, electronic products (computers, monitors, etc.), electric cookers/ovens, vehicles (with a label on CO 2 eq emissions)

17. Definition and Selection of EE&C Programs The International Energy Agency defines the following types of energy efficiency policy measures: Information measures Regulatory and target setting measures Capacity building measures Finance measures Energy management measures Technology acceleration measures Supply chain measures Effective EE&C programs will often be implemented using a range of policy measures. For example, a target setting measure should be supported by capacity building and information, while a technology acceleration measure may require finance.

18. Key driving factors for Energy efficiency improvement Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland A• Technologies B• Policies C• Investment D• Consumer behaviours , lifestyle

19. A. TECHNOLOGIES: Appliances improve our quality of life through the services they make possible: Cooling Lighting Entertainment/ access to information Cleaning Heating Energy efficiency enables you to enjoy the same services while using less electricity . International Best Practices on Policy Interventions 20

20. B. POLICIES : Governments play a crucial role in setting the cross‐ sectoral framework for energy efficiency by: Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland Collecting energy efficiency data and indicators Developing policies, strategies and action plans Creating competitive energy markets, with appropriate regulation Facilitating private investment in energy efficiency Putting in place monitoring, enforcement and evaluation policies and measures. ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION .

21. ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION: SOMALILAND CASE Somaliland Energy Policy was launched on Novemeber , 2010 : Under this Policy , the Department of Energy’s functions can be summarized into the following four: implement energy policies, ensure energy security, promote RE and facilitate Access to energy. Ensuring Energy Security involves: Diversification Energy Sources from the supply side and promoting energy efficiency and conservation. Hence we should SET Targets for each of the key areas : EXAMPLES To implement EE measures that free up 2000MW of Power Generation Capacity. Phase out Incandescent lamps Reduce average losses in Electricity Distribution Develop Standards for Buildings and Products ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

22. i )ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland PRIORITY AREA AND SECTORIAL POLICY STATEMENTS Energy Efficiency in Buildings Energy efficiency for lighting. Energy Efficiency in Appliances and Equipment. Energy Efficiency in the Transport Sector Energy Efficiency for Industry Governance and Advocacy Policies .

23. STRATEGIC INTERVENTION PILLARS(RE & EE) strengthen national and regional institutions to adopt and implement RE/EE projects; create policies, strategies, plans and other frameworks to ensure an enabling environment for RE/EE investments; have appropriate regulation and standardization frameworks for RE/EE projects and investments; attract private sector participation in investments for RE and EE; build capacity to design, develop, build, implement and maintain RE/EE projects; attract financing for RE/EE projects; develop projects, technologies and transfer know how to meet demand targets; promote adoption of RE/EE through information, advocacy and awareness, and; mainstream cross- sectoral and cross cutting issues when implementing RE/EE projects.

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25. iii) THE EE ACTION PLAN HAS: Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland SUMMARY OF TARGETS Targets for Energy Efficient Lighting Targets for High Performance Distribution of Electricity Targets for Energy Efficiency Standard and Label Targets for Energy Efficiency in Buildings Target for Energy Efficiency in Industries

26. RE & EE TARGETS AND DEMAND SIDE MEASURES

27. C. INVESTMENT: Key On-Grid and Off-Grid Programs and Initiatives on Lighting and Appliances Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland African Union Commission (both) African Energy Commission (AFREC) - both Clean Energy Ministerial-both Efficiency for Access Coalition – off-grid Global Off-Grid Lighting Association – off-grid Lighting Africa – off-grid Lighting Global – off-grid Sustainable Energy for All ( SEforALL ) – both United for Efficiency (U4E) –on-grid

28. MORE PROGRAMS… Global Climate Partnership Fund (GCPF ) Energy Efficiency for Development (EE4D) Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa(SEFA) Africa Renewable Energy Fund (AREF ) Between 2010 and 2015, the EAC region attracted approximately USD 4 billion of investment in utility-scale renewable energy The project developers have limited skills for project development/preparation and for accessing various financing opportunities offered through initiatives such as Power Africa, ElectriFI , EEP, Global Climate Fund, carbon financing and AEEP

29. PROJECT : Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) must launch various campaigns to raise awareness about energy conservation among the public . Using Print Media Electronic Media (Radio programs and Social Media) School awareness Programme Promotional Material D. Society’s Behavioral changes 31

30. Explore the following questions: • What do you think are the most effective means of raising public awareness on energy efficiency in Africa? • What have been some successful examples of energy efficiency awareness campaigns in Africa, and what factors contributed to their success? • How can we ensure that energy efficiency awareness campaigns in Africa are inclusive and reach all sectors of society? • What are some of the key challenges in deploying effective awareness-raising campaigns?

31. SECTION two: Appliances’Market Transformation Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

32. Recommended Intervention Actions to Support Market Transformation Build Laboratory Capacity Legislative Framework Participate in Regional Energy Efficiency Centers Green Procurement Specification Develop ESCOs and Funding Scheme Electric Utility Engagement Stimulating Development of Energy Efficiency Businesses Quality and Performance Regulations Market Surveillance

33. TESTING FACILITY: VISOLABSPION (Portable Goniometer case ) - https://www.visosystems.com/products/lightspion / 9,163.62 US dollars, 36

34. Test Method for LED Lamps, LED Luminaires and LED Modules: https:// cie.co.at/publications/test-method-led-lamps-led-luminaires-and-led-modules and off-grid https :// webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/59747

35. Seven LED product groups are covered:  Non-directional Lamps  Outdoor Lighting (Street Lighting)  Directional Lamps  High/Low Bay LED Luminaires  Downlight Luminaires  Planar Luminaires  Linear LED Lamps

36. FOR AIR-CONDITIONERS MARKET TRANSFORMATION

37. After lighting and air-conditioning , there are three other ‘priority’ products that stakeholders in the region may wish to consider: (1) Domestic refrigeration (i.e., refrigerators, freezers and refrigerator-freezer combinations); (2) Electric Motors and (3) Televisions. These products are suggested for consideration due to their high level of market penetration across the region and large energy-savings potential.

38. 2. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK: Adopted Nationally. Ideally , framework legislation would establish: Defined programme objectives; Authorised types of intervention (mandatory standards and/or voluntary targets); Criteria for determining which lamps are covered; Criteria for the level of technical intervention (based on payback periods, life-cycle cost, harmonisation with trading partners); The schedule of implementation; Procedural rules and deadlines; The requirement to evaluate the programme’s impact, including effects on manufacturers, consumers and the country.

39. 3. Participate in Regional Energy Efficiency Centers To become a member of EAC: 1. Understand the EAC Treaty: Familiarize yourself with the EAC Treaty, which outlines the principles and procedures for membership and collaboration within the community. 2. Meet Criteria: Ensure your country meets the eligibility criteria set by the EAC, including political stability, economic viability, and shared values with existing member states. 3. Submit Membership Application: Prepare and submit a formal application for membership to the EAC Secretariat, including the necessary documents that demonstrate adherence to the community's goals and standards. 4. Participate in Regional Initiatives: Actively engage in regional initiatives and discussions related to energy and renewable energy policies to signal commitment to EACREEE's objectives. 5. Collaborate with Existing Members: Build relationships with current EAC member states to promote cooperative efforts regarding renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.

40. . To sign an intergovernmental Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU ) with the East African Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (EACREEE), you typically need to follow these steps : Identify Objectives : Clearly define the objectives and scope of the MoU that align with EACREEE's goals. Engage Relevant Authorities : Contact EACREEE to express your intent. This usually involves engaging with the contact point or executive management of the organization. Draft the MoU : Prepare a draft of the MoU outlining the terms, roles, responsibilities, and commitments of each party involved. Review and Negotiate : Present the draft to EACREEE for review and negotiate any necessary modifications to the terms. Final Approval : Once both parties agree to the terms, finalize the document for signature. Sign the MoU : Arrange for an official signing ceremony, which may involve dignitaries or government representatives from both sides. Implement and Monitor : Begin implementing the agreements made in the MoU and establish a process for monitoring and reviewing progress.

41. 4. Green Public Procurement

42. 5. Develop ESCOs and Funding Scheme Drawing on a range of expertise encompassing engineering, financial, and technology, typical service offerings from ESCOs are as follows: • Provide a detailed and robust energy audit of the whole facility • Give guidance on the overall project, including appropriate size and scope • Locate financing and assist the organization in understanding financing options • Specify, purchase and install the more energy-efficient equipment • Install smart meters / metering to monitor savings for the duration of the contract term • Provide operations and maintenance support if contracted • Prepare reports that show energy and financial savings relative to the business as usual case

43. 6. Electric Utility Engagement The adopted DSM measures include: DISTRIBUTION OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHTING (CFL) AND SOME HAVE NOW MOVED TO LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDS); PROMOTION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING; ROLLING OUT OF WATER LOAD CONTROL (ELECTRICITY GEYSERS - RIPPLE CONTROL); PROMOTION OF COMMERCIAL LIGHTING; INSTALLATION OF PREPAID METERS; AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TIME-OF-USE TARIFFS.

44. 7. Stimulating Development of Energy Efficiency Businesses This initiative will be conducted by EACREEE and SACREEE, through the national governments, to develop a pipeline of bankable energy-efficiency projects in the region. These could include businesses that focus on the provision of energy-efficient products such as the conversion of CFL manufacturing facilities to become LED lamp and luminaire facilities, or the manufacturing of solar water heaters. The bankable projects could also focus on the provision of services, such businesses that illuminate streets under contract to a municipality or building audit and upgrade services (like an ESCO). The development of this pipeline would be established by the two regional centres engaging with national and regional private sector associations such as the national lighting associations to offer webinars, training, expert advice and so-on to stimulate and develop green-tech and environmentally sustainable ideas into bankable projects and businesses

45. 8. Quality and Performance Regulations: Note: This intervention would be harmonised regionally but adopted nationally. Our assessment of the market shows that all countries across the region should adopt minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for the typical lamps used in households and small businesses throughout the region – including both on-grid (one-third of the population) and off-grid (two-thirds of the population). MEPS are among the most cost-effective policy measures for transforming markets, they typically apply to both energy and performance / quality-related characteristics.

46. 9. Market Surveillance A robust compliance programme requires three main components – monitoring, verification and enforcement - to be the most effective and impactful: • Monitoring involves comprehensive monitoring or surveillance of the market to give an accurate picture of products available on the market which informs analysis of the progress of the standards and labelling programme and compliance of the programme . This process is essential for two different purposes. Firstly, it ensures that timely and accurate market information is used to set appropriate, cost effective efficiency requirements through collaboration with regulators and public authorities, acting in cooperation with industry, civil society and other key stakeholders. Secondly, it helps identify cases of potential non-compliance that require further verification. • Verification is about the understanding, selection and testing of products – the ability to develop, measure and ensure regulatory compliance. Testing activities and related services are therefore a key element in programmes’ abilities to accurately assess product performance and quality. Testing activities can also support manufacturing and ensure market protection as part of an integrated, comprehensive MVE framework. Where verification testing identifies cases of non-compliance, these should be followed up by proportionate enforcement actions. • Enforcement refers to the actions taken by an authority in response to investigated and confirmed incidents of non-compliance using a suite of timely and appropriate actions. These actions are taken within the rules of an energy-efficiency programme , are built on rigorous testing, and will yield ahigh return in terms of market and consumer protection. Enforcement actions safeguard the benefits of standards and labelling policies by ensuring that non-compliant products are removed from the market and that non-compliant manufacturers, importers and retailers are held accountable for their actions.

47. SECTION Three: First Focus Is on Lighting Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

48. LIGHTING’S PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

49. Lighting : LED is a Global Transition Europe; transition Incandescent lamps, 2009 – 2012 Mains- voltage halogen spot lamps in 2016 Non- directional halogen lamps in 2018 Compact Fluorescent Lamps in 2021 Linear Fluorescent T12 in 2021; T8 in 2023 Moving towards an all- LED market THEREFORE, WE CAN START WITH PHASING OUT INCANDESCENT LAMPS AND HALOGEN LAMPS! 2009- 2012 2015 2018 2021 EU – Timeline 2023 International Best Practices on Policy Interventions 52

50. EAST AFRICAN CASE Lighting energy-efficiency measures have also been adopted by several countries. Some governments in the region have adopted policies to phase out incandescent lighting and halogen lighting through a technology ban , only allowing compact fluorescent lamps and light emitting diode (LED) lamps to be sold. But the quality of both products is very poor (in particular concerning the product lifetime, which can be as little as a few weeks), so consumers are complaining. However, challenges remain because countries lack test capacity or are only focused on certain performance characteristics. Furthermore, if the government applies pre-market enforcement at the borders, that can take a long time; meanwhile products (including incandescent lamps) are brought into the market, as the enforcement of these regulations is a challenge due to ‘ capacity constraints ’ both in terms of people and test equipment . NamPower’s 1 million LED lamp trade-in scheme in Namibia I n Namibia, the national electric utility implemented a programme to promote efficient lighting by giving away several hundred thousand lamps. Their teams visited people’s homes and replaced the lamps in the high use sockets, six lamps per home, and over the course of the project are expected to achieve 10MW of peak power savings In Somaliland Transitioning from diesel generators is already saving approximately 9000 tons of CO2 annually , indicating potential for more significant energy savings through efficiency improvements.

51. Policies Supporting a Transition to Energy-Efficient Lighting in Africa .

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53. SOURCE: EELA PROJECT .

54. MEPS FOR LIGHTING: EAST AFRICAN STDS. EAS 1064-1:2022, Lighting Products – Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) – Part 1 – Lamps (1st Edition) covering energy efficiency and functional performance requirements, sampling and test methods for general service and tubular lamps . $40 EAS 1064-2:2022, Lighting Products – Minimum Energy Performance Standard – Part 2 – Luminaires (1st Edition) covering energy efficiency and functional performance requirements, sampling and test methods for ambient luminaires and outdoor/streetlight luminaires . https://www.iea-4e.org/ssl/our-work/product-performance / from EELA PROJECT 57

55. Benefits of Regional Harmonization Safeguards markets from being used as dumping grounds which arises when countries have less stringent regulations than others Push of the economy as manufacturers and importers only need to comply to one set of regulations Improved quality of appliances as only higher efficient products can circulate, which cost less over time Easier policy monitoring for governments, as the same policy is adopted for the whole region(s)

56. Ensure adoption of MEPS requirements for off-grid lighting products Off-grid lighting - the focus of the strategy is to evaluate various performance specifications, such as IEC TS 62257-9-5:2018 (“Recommendations for renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification - Part 9-5: Integrated systems - Laboratory evaluation of stand-alone renewable energy products for rural electrification”)2 and also the Lighting Global quality assurance specification. The overarching goal would be to discuss with governments the possibility of developing an mandatory quality and performance specification for off-grid lighting

57. Other appliances Residential Refrigerators( KS IEC 62552-1:2015 KS IEC 62552-2:2015 KS IEC 62552-3:2015 KS 2464:2020 ), Non-ducted Air-Conditioners(KS 2463:2019), Induction Motor, Distribution Transformer and Pumps. https:// www.eos.org.eg/en/standard/14349 -TV https:// www.eos.org.eg/en/standard/14009 - FANS https:// www.eos.org.eg/en/standard/6413 - W. HEATER https:// www.eos.org.eg/en/standard/4472 - Washing CES 140:2015 Off-grid solar photovoltaic lighting kits – requirements https:// cprc-clasp.ngo/node?page=122 Clean Cooling Collaborative ECOWAS REGION-SERELLIONE

58. Conclusion : Six Key Concept Notes to write PROJECT 1&2 – Appliance Standards & Labeling(EELA AND CLEAN COOLING) PROJECT 3– Building Energy Codes PROJECT 4 – Clean Cooking PROJECT 5 – Electricity System Losses PROJECT 6 – Awareness Raising Department of Energy, MoEM, Somaliland

59. DEVELOPING ENERGY STANDARDS FOR 10 APPLIANCES . The Appliances Energy Performance & Labeling Regulations (2016) put in place minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for five appliance classeS Background:- Objective: To restrict the importation and sales of the inefficient electrical appliance & product ( ie , air conditioning) into the country and concurrently to educate and encourage people to choose a more energy-efficient electrical appliances & products. Status & way forward :- The Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for lighting, Refrigerator, Air-Conditioner, Induction Motor, Distribution Transformer and Pumps(+ tv,fan,water heater and washing machines). Contacted EELA Project of EACREEE. CLASP also gave info about MEPS for LIGHTING. The rest are under process 1. APPLIANCES PROJECT 62

60. PROJECT NAME: Establish energy conservation measures for factories and buildings Project Description : The subsequent Energy (Energy Management) Regulations (2012) made under s.110 of the Act impose requirements that all commercial buildings, industrial and institutional facilities consuming >180,000 KWh annually must develop an energy management plan; undertake an energy audit at least every 3 years; prepare an energy investment plan within 6 months after end financial year end for the year the audit was conducted of energy audit; and realize at least 50% of identified and recommended savings by the end of the 3 year period/next audit reporting date, with penalties for non-compliance and non-reporting. Measures were also introduced in 2012 to promote uptake and guide the incorporation of low temperature solar water heating (SWH) systems in industrial, commercial and residential buildings. Reduce 50% of Public Buildings Lighting Energy Consumption 2 . BUILDINGS PROJECT 63

61. Efficient Electricity use in homes, businesses and public facilities , is the fastest and cheapest ways of accelerating sustainable development .

62. “Saving 1 KWh of Energy is cheaper than generating 1 KWh of Energy” The CO2 emissions reduction to avoid dramatic climate changes by 2050 ÷ 2 The increase in energy consumption by 2050 x 2 We provide solutions for energy efficiency energy audits energy efficiency enabling products energy management solutions … for residential, commercial and industrial buildings … for industrial processes

63. Building Energy Codes ASHRAE Standard 90.1 International Energy Conservation Code State and Locally Adopted Codes

64. Building Envelope Mechanical Service Water Heating Lighting Electrical Power What Do Building Energy Codes and Standards Cover? For both residential and commercial: During 2011-2015, UN-Habitat and UN Environment implemented a programme “Promoting Energy Efficiency in Buildings in East Africa”. Kenya is among the five countries targeted under this GEF-funded programme .

65. Model Codes & Standards International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Type Residential & commercial buildings; mandatory, enforceable language Model Energy Code Title Applicability Common Versions 2003 IECC 2006 IECC 2009 IECC 90.1-2004 90.1-2007 Energy Standard All buildings except residential 3 stories or less ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

66. PROJECT : Project Proposal on “Clean Cooking Solutions and Improved Cookstoves ” Project Description : Access to clean and efficient cooking solutions is essential for the well-being of communities and the environment. Traditional cooking methods, such as open fires and rudimentary stoves, pose significant health and environmental hazards. This project proposal aims to address these challenges by implementing clean cooking solutions and promoting the use of improved cookstoves . By adopting sustainable and efficient cooking practices, we can improve air quality, reduce deforestation, enhance health outcomes, and empower communities. 3. CLEAN COOKING PROJECT 69

67. PROJECT : Researching Non-technical Losses Non-technical loss of electricity (comprising theft, fraud, non-payment and billing irregularities ) is a significant issue, particularly in developing countries, and represents a large financial burden on utility companies, governments and society as a whole . 5. PROJECTS ON AWARENESS RAISING 4. ELECTRICITY SYSTEM LOSSES 70

68. Summary of key budget items for EE&CD in 2025

69. GO GREEN, SAVE EARTH