Presentation Geology.pptx about of stratigraphy

Geology

1. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Erbil Polytechnic University Engineering Technical College Highway Engineering Department Prepared by ; 1.Bawar Ramadhan Supervised ; Dr. Hunar Issa Title Stratigraphy

2. Introduction stratigraphy is study of rock layers and the layering of  rocks . Stratigraphy is an important field because it helps us understand the Earth’s history and the processes that have shaped its surface. Stratigraphers use a variety of techniques, including field observations, mapping, and laboratory analyses, to study the characteristics of rock layers and the relationships between them.

3. Principle of stratigraphy Steno's laws of stratigraphy describe the patterns in which rock layers are deposited. The four laws are the law of superposition, law of original horizontality, law of cross-cutting relationships, and law of lateral continuity. Nicolaus Steno was a 17th-century Danish geologist.

4. main topics of stratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy : Chronostratigraphy : Sequence stratigraphy

5. Lithostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy is the study of rock layers based on their composition and physical characteristics. Lithostratigraphers use a variety of techniques, including field observations, mapping, and laboratory analyses, to study the characteristics of rock layers and the relationships between them. Lithostratigraphy is an important field because it helps us understand the composition and structure of the Earth’s crust and the processes that have shaped it. It is also an important tool for resource exploration, as rock layers may contain valuable  minerals  or hydrocarbons.

6. Biostratigraphy Biostratigraphy is the study of rock layers based on the fossils they contain. Biostratigraphy is an important tool for dating rocks and understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Biostratigraphers use a variety of techniques, including field observations, laboratory analyses, and statistical methods, to study the fossils in rock layers and the relationships between them.

7. Chronostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy is the study of rock layers based on their age and the events they record. Chronostratigraphy is an important tool for understanding the Earth’s history and the evolution of its surface. Chronostratigraphers use a variety of techniques, including field observations, laboratory analyses, and radiometric dating, to determine the ages of rock layers and the relationships between them. Chronostratigraphy is an important field because it helps us understand the history of the Earth and the processes that have shaped its surface. It is also an important tool for resource exploration, as rock layers may contain valuable minerals or hydrocarbons.

8. Sequence stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphy is the study of the relationships between rock layers and the processes that control their formation. Sequence stratigraphy is an important tool for understanding the evolution of the Earth’s surface and for predicting the distribution of resources such as oil and gas. Sequence stratigraphers use a variety of techniques, including field observations, laboratory analyses, and numerical modeling, to study the characteristics of rock layers and the relationships between them. Sequence stratigraphy is an interdisciplinary field that combines elements of geology,  geophysics , and geochemistry. It is an important field because it helps us understand the evolution of the Earth’s surface and the distribution of resources such as oil and gas.

9. Reference https://geologyscience.com/geology-branches/sedimentology/stratigraphy-2/?amp Davies G.L.H. (2007).  Whatever is Under the Earth the Geological Society of London 1807–2007 . London: Geological Society. p. 78.  ISBN   978-1862392144 . ^   "SEPM Strata" .  sepmstrata.org . Chapman, Richard E. (1983)  Petroleum Geology  Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam,  p. 33 ,  ISBN   978-0-444-42165-4 .