Presentation of Central Processing Unit Socket.pptx

Presentation of Central Processing Unit.
central processing unit (CPU), principal part of any digital computer system, generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit. It constitutes the physical heart of the entire computer system; to it is linked various peripheral equipment, including input/output devices and auxiliary storage units. In modern computers, the CPU is contained on an integrated circuit chip called a microprocessor.

The control unit of the central processing unit regulates and integrates the operations of the computer. It selects and retrieves instructions from the main memory in proper sequence and interprets them so as to activate the other functional elements of the system at the appropriate moment to perform their respective operations. All input data are transferred via the main memory to the arithmetic-logic unit for processing, which involves the four basic arithmetic functions (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and certain logic operations such as the comparing of data and the selection of the desired problem-solving procedure or a viable alternative based on predetermined decision criteria.

Microprocessor
microprocessor, any of a type of miniature electronic device that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry necessary to perform the functions of a digital computer’s central processing unit. In effect, this kind of integrated circuit can interpret and execute program instructions as well as handle arithmetic operations.

In the early 1970s the introduction of large-scale integration (LSI)—which made it possible to pack thousands of transistors, diodes, and resistors onto a silicon chip less than 0.2 inch (5 mm) square—led to the development of the microprocessor. The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, which was introduced in 1971. During the early 1980s very large-scale integration (VLSI) vastly increased the circuit density of microprocessors. In the 2010s a single VLSI circuit holds billions of electronic components on a chip identical in size to the LSI circuit. (For more about the history of microprocessors, see computer: The microprocessor.)

The production of inexpensive microprocessors enabled computer engineers to develop microcomputers. Such computer systems are small but have enough computing power to perform many business, industrial, and scientific tasks. The microprocessor also permitted the development of so-called intelligent terminals, such as automatic teller machines and point-of-sale terminals employed in retail stores. The microprocessor also provides automatic control of industrial robots, surveying instruments, and various kinds of hospital equipment. It has brought about the computerization of a wide array of consumer products, including programmable microwave ovens, television sets, and electronic games. In addition, some automobiles feature microprocessor-controlled ignition and fuel systems designed to improve performa

1. CPU Socket

2. CPU HOLDER is a portion in the motherboard which holds the CPU (Central Processing Unit) or simply as processor. There are two major manufacturer of personal computer processor:

3. Socket 478 Socket 478 is a ZIF-type socket for the Pentium 4 and Celeron 4 (Celerons based on the Pentium 4 core) introduced in October 2001. It was specially designed to support additional pins for future Pentium 4 processors and speeds over 2GHz. SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

4. ( also called Socket T ) is used by the Core 2 Duo/Quad processors , the most recent versions of the Intel Pentium 4 Prescott processor and the Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition processors. Some versions of the Celeron and Celeron D also use Socket LGA775. uses a land grid array format, so the pins are on the socket, rather than the processor. Socket LGA775 SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

5. Socket LGA1156 ( also known as Socket H ) was introduced in September 2009 and was designed to support Intel Core- i Series processors featuring an integrated chipset North Bridge, including a dual-channel DDR3 memory controller and optional integrated graphics. uses a land grid array format, so the pins are on the socket, rather than the processor. SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

6. Socket LGA1366 ( also known as Socket B ) was introduced in November 2008 to support high-end Intel Core- i Series processors, including an integrated triple-channel DDR3 memory controller, but which also requires an external chipset North Bridge, in this case called an I/O Hub (IOH). uses a land grid array format, so the pins are on the socket, rather than the processor. SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

7. Socket LGA1155 - ( also known as Socket H2 ) was introduced in January 2011 to support Intel’s Sandy Bridge (second-generation) Core- i Series processors , which now include Turbo Boost overclocking. - uses a land grid array format, so the pins are on the socket, rather than the processor. - uses the same cover plate as Socket 1156, but is not interchangeable with it. - used by Intel’s Ivy Bridge (third-generation) Core- i Series processors. - LGA1155 supports up to 16 PCIe v3 lanes and 8 PCIe 2.0 lanes. SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

8. Socket LGA2011 - introduced in November 2011 to support high-performance versions of Intel’s Sandy Bridge (second-generation) Core i Series processors (Sandy Bridge-E), which now include Turbo Boost overclocking. - supports 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes, quad-channel memory addressing, and fully-unlocked processor multipliers. - uses a land grid array format, so the pins are on the socket, rather than the processor. SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

9. Socket 939 and 940 Socket 939 is used with the Socket 939 versions of the AMD Athlon 64, 64 FX, and 64 X2. used by some versions of the AMD Opteron processor for workstations and servers. Motherboards using this socket support conventional unbuffered DDR SDRAM modules in either single- or dual-channel mode, rather than the server-oriented (more expensive) registered modules required by Socket 940 motherboards. Sockets 939 and 940 have different pin arrangements and processors for each and are not interchangeable. SOCKET TYPE USED BY AMD PROCESSOR

10. Socket 940 is used with the Socket 940 version of the AMD Athlon 64 FX, as well as most AMD Opteron processors Motherboards using this socket support only registered DDR SDRAM modules in dual-channel mode. Because the pin arrangement is different, Socket 939 processors do not work in Socket 940, and vice versa. Socket 940 SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR

11. - In May 2006, AMD introduced processors that use a new socket, called Socket AM2 - AM2 was the first replacement for the confusing array of Socket 754, Socket 939, and Socket 940 form factors for the Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, and Athlon 64 X2 processors. Socket AM2 SOCKET TYPE USED BY AMD PROCESSOR

12. - Socket AM3 was introduced in February 2009, primarily to support processors with integrated DDR3 memory controllers such as the Phenom II. - Besides adding support for DDR3 memory, Socket AM3 has 941 pins in a modified key pin configuration that physically prevents Socket AM2 or AM2+ processors from being inserted. Socket AM3 SOCKET TYPE USED BY AMD PROCESSOR

13. Socket F (also called 1207FX) was introduced by AMD in August 2006 for its Opteron line of server processors. Socket F is AMD’s first land grid array (LGA) socket, similar to Intel’s Socket LGA775. It features 1,207 pins in a 35-by-35 grid, with the pins in the socket instead of on the processor . Socket F normally appears on motherboards in pairs because it is designed to run dual physical processors on a single motherboard. Socket F was utilized by AMD for its Quad FX processors, which are dual-core processors sold in matched pairs, operating as a dual socket dual-core system. Future versions may support quad-core processors, for a total of 8 cores in the system. Due to the high expense of running dual physical processors, only a limited number of non-server motherboards are available with Socket F. Socket F (1207FX) SOCKET TYPE USED BY AMD PROCESSOR

14. Socket FM1 was introduced by AMD in July 2011 for use by accelerated processing units (APUs –CPU plus GPU) and CPUs based on the Llano core. These include the Ax-3xxx series APUs and some Athlon II CPUs, as well as the E2-3200 APU. FM1 has 905 pins in a 31 × 31 grid and uses a PGA socket similar to those used by previous AMD processors. Socket FM1 supports DDR3 memory. It was replaced by Socket FM2 Socket FM1 SOCKET TYPE USED BY AMD PROCESSOR

15. Socket FM1 was introduced by AMD in September 2012 for use by its Trinity series of APUs. These include the Ax-5xxx series APUs. FM2 has 904 pins in a 31 × 31 grid and uses a PGA socket similar to those used by previous AMD processors. Socket FM2 supports DDR3 memory. Socket FM2 SOCKET TYPE USED BY INTEL PROCESSOR