Presentation of femur fractures in .pptx

fractures in trauma departmet

1. Vyom Gautam 1623 Femur fractures

2. Causes of Femur Fractures: 1. High-Energy Trauma: - Motor vehicle accidents. - Falls from a significant height. - Sports injuries. 2. Osteoporosis: - Weakened bones due to osteoporosis can lead to fractures with minimal trauma. 3. Pathological Fractures:- Fractures occurring in bones weakened by disease (e.g., bone tumors, osteoporosis). 4. Direct Blow:- A direct impact to the thigh, such as from a fall or a strike. 5. Repetitive Stress: - Stress fractures in the femur can occur due to repetitive stress or overuse, common in athletes.

3. Symptoms: 1.Severe Pain:Immediate and severe pain at the fracture site. 2. Swelling and Bruising:Swelling and bruising around the thigh. 3. Deformity:Visible deformity or shortening of the leg. 4. Inability to Bear Weight: Difficulty or inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Femur fractures often require prompt medical attention and may necessitate surgical intervention to restore function and alignment.

4. Common Indications for Femur Surgery Femur Fractures: Fractures of the thighbone are a common reason for surgery. These can be due to trauma from falls, accidents, or other injuries, or they can result from underlying conditions like osteoporosis or bone cancer.  Oncological Reasons: Femur surgery is frequently performed to address bone tumors or cancer that may affect the femur.  Failed or Complicated Joint Replacements: Issues with existing total hip or knee implants, such as loosening of the prosthesis, wear and tear, or infection, can necessitate further surgical intervention.  Complex Fractures: Certain types of fractures, such as those involving multiple fragments (comminuted fractures) or those where the bone breaks the skin (open fractures), may require surgery.  Severe Osteoarthritis: For individuals with advanced and debilitating osteoarthritis of the hip or knee, a total femur replacement might be considered in some cases.  Specific Situations and Surgical Goals Femoral Neck Fractures: For fractures in the hip area, treatments like cannulated screw fixation or hip replacement (hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) may be used, depending on the fracture's displacement and the patient's age and activity level.  Femur Shaft Fractures: The most common surgical approach is the insertion of an intramedullary rod , which is a metal rod placed into the hollow center of the bone to provide internal support.  Postoperative Complications: Surgery is also needed to address complications like periprosthetic infections, mechanical failure of the implant, or dislocation of a joint. 

5. Common Surgical Techniques Intramedullary Nailing : This is the most common method for a femur shaft fracture.  A metal rod is inserted into the marrow canal running through the center of the bone.  The rod extends the length of the bone and passes through the fracture site to hold the pieces in place.  Screws are placed above and below the fracture to secure the rod.  Plate and Screw Fixation : Used for fractures where a rod is not suitable.  The broken bone fragments are first put back into their proper position.  A metal plate is then attached to the side of the bone using screws, holding the pieces together as they heal.  External Fixation : This option is often used for patients who are too ill for a longer surgery or have multiple injuries.  Metal pins or screws are inserted into the bone through small incisions.  These pins are then connected to a metal frame or bar that lies outside the skin, stabilizing the bone.  The Surgical Process Anesthesia: The patient is given general anesthesia, making them unconscious, or spinal anesthesia to numb the body below the waist.  Positioning: The patient is placed on a special table.  Incision: An incision is made over or near the fracture site.  Bone Realignment (Open Reduction): The surgeon manipulates and realigns the broken bone pieces into their correct position.  Fixation: A fixation device (rod, plate, or external frame) is inserted or placed to stabilize the bone.  Closure: The incision is closed.  After the Surgery Pain Management: You will experience pain and swelling around the incision site, which should improve over several weeks.  Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is often necessary to regain strength and mobility in the leg.